Distribution and Transfer of Plasmid Replicon Families among Multidrug-Resistant and from Poultry.

The presence and transfer of plasmids from commensal bacteria to more pathogenic bacteria may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. However, the prevalence of plasmids from commensal bacteria, such as the enterococci, in food animals remains largely unknown. In this study, the diversity and prevalence of plasmid families from multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to three or more antimicrobials) enterococci from poultry carcasses were determined.

Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Georgia, USA: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype Diversity, and Genetic Relatedness to Human Isolates.

As the cases of Salmonella enterica infections associated with contaminated water are increasing, this study was conducted to address the role of surface water as a reservoir of S. enterica serotypes. We sampled rivers and streams ( = 688) over a 3-year period (2015 to 2017) in a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, and 70.

Genetic Diversity of Strains from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

is an important healthcare-associated bacterium that causes a multitude of infections in humans such as superficial skin and soft tissue infections, necrotizing pneumonia, foodborne illnesses and postsurgical infections. Treatment of infections has become more complicated due to the emergence of Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA), some of which are multidrug resistant. The present study aimed to characterize isolates from a tertiary care hospital in the Rawalpindi district of Pakistan.

Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Producing CTX-M, MCR-1, and FosA in Retail Food From Egypt.

In this study, multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from retail food and humans assigned into similar Multilocus Sequence Types (MLST) were analyzed using whole genome sequencing (WGS). analysis of assembled sequences revealed the existence of multiple resistance genes among the examined isolates. Of the six CTX-M-producing isolates from retail food, was the prevalent variant identified (83.

Serotyping of sub-Saharan Africa Salmonella strains isolated from poultry feces using multiplex PCR and whole genome sequencing.

Background: Salmonella enterica remains a leading cause of food-borne diseases worldwide. Serotype information is important in food safety and public health activities to reduce the burden of salmonellosis. In the current study, two methods were used to determine serotypes of 111 strains of Salmonella isolated from poultry feces in Burkina Faso.

Evaluation of a new chromogenic agar for the detection of environmental Enterococcus.

CHROMagar Enterococcus (CHR), a new chromogenic medium not yet available for commercial purchase, was evaluated for the isolation of Enterococcus from environmental water samples. Its performance was evaluated in comparison to commercially available media, Enterococcosel agar and m-Enterococcus agar. Three consecutive tests were conducted with each test being performed with a newer batch of the CHR medium with improved media composition per batch.

Staphylococci in poultry intestines: a comparison between farmed and household chickens.

Both pathogenic as well as nonpathogenic species of staphylococci have been reported in poultry, but these studies have not compared staphylococcal flora of both farmed and household broiler chickens. Staphylococci from farmed (n = 51) and household chicken intestines (n = 43) were isolated and tested for resistance to antimicrobials, presence of resistance genes, and inhibitory activity against other bacteria; correlation of resistance phenotype and genotype was also evaluated. At least 12 staphylococcal species were identified; Staphylococcus carnosus subspecies carnosus was the predominant species from both sources.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pan-Genome of Clinical and Non-Clinical from Poultry Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

is an emerging avian pathogen, particularly in chickens, but can be found in both diseased (clinical) and healthy (non-clinical) poultry. To better define differences between E. cecorum from the two groups, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify and compare antimicrobial resistance genes as well as the pan-genome among the isolates.

Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Diversity and Multilocus Sequence Typing of from Humans, Retail Chicken and Ground Beef in Egypt.

Contamination of retail foods with foodborne pathogens, particularly the antimicrobial resistant ones, poses a persistent threat to human health. There is a dearth of information about the overlapping () lineages circulating among retail foods and humans in Egypt. This study aimed to determine the clonal diversity of 120 isolates from diarrheic patients (n = 32), retail chicken carcasses (n = 61) and ground beef (n = 27) from Mansoura, Egypt using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).

Draft Genomic Sequences of Three Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Isolates (H45, H43ii, and H43iii) from Patients in Lagos, Nigeria.

sequence type 131 (ST131) has recently emerged as a leading multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes urinary tract and bloodstream infections in humans. Here, we report the draft genomic sequences of three ST131 isolates, H45, H43ii, and H43iii, from urine samples of patients in Lagos, Nigeria.

Circulation of emerging NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli among humans and dogs in Egypt.

The emergence of NDM-producing Escherichia coli has considerably threatened human and animal health worldwide. This study describes for the first time in Egypt, the draft genome sequences of emerging NDM-5-producing E. coli from humans and dogs, and investigates genetic relatedness between isolates from both sources.

Genetic Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Isolated from a Mixed-Use Watershed in Northeast Georgia, USA.

In order to determine the role of surface water in the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria, water samples were collected quarterly from 2015 to 2016 from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia. In our previous study, 496 were isolated from surface water, out of which, 34 isolates were resistant to antimicrobials. For the current study, these 34 AR were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, AR gene detection, plasmid replicon typing, class I integron detection, and multi-locus sequence typing.

Genome Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Poultry in Nigeria.

is one of the most common commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. Contaminated poultry can lead to disease outbreaks in consumers causing massive economic losses in the poultry industry. Additionally, commensal can harbor antibiotic resistance genes that can be transferred to other bacteria, including pathogens, in a colonized human host.

Plasmid Replicons and β-Lactamase-Encoding Genes of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Humans and Food Animals in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

As resistance to the β-lactam class of antibiotics has become a worldwide problem, multidrug-resistant (MDR) human ( = 243) and food animal ( = 211) isolates from Lagos, Nigeria were further tested to characterize β-lactamase-encoding genes and plasmid replicons. Four β-lactamase-encoding genes (, , , and ) were detected using PCR-based replicon typing, 13 and 17 different replicons were identified using a subset of MDR from humans ( = 48) and animals ( = 96), respectively. Replicon types FIB and X2 were detected in equal numbers (2/48; 4.

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Cassettes, and Plasmids Present in Associated With United States Food Animals.

The ability of antimicrobial resistance (AR) to transfer, on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) between bacteria, can cause the rapid establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria from animals, thus creating a foodborne risk to human health. To investigate MDR and its association with plasmids in , whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis was performed on 193 isolated from sources associated with United States food animals between 1998 and 2011; 119 were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. Isolates represented 86 serotypes and variants, as well as diverse phenotypic resistance profiles.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococci from Eggs of Household Chickens.

Eggs are a healthy and nutritious food source, but may be contaminated by bacteria. Previous studies have reported the presence of staphylococci in eggs of farmed chickens, but no study has evaluated the staphylococcal population of eggs from household chickens. In this study, staphylococci from eggs ( = 275) of household chickens collected from November 2016 to March 2017 from different villages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, were characterized.

An assay for determining the susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to commercial and household biocides.

Poultry and meat products contaminated with Salmonella enterica are a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The food industries use a wide variety of antimicrobial interventions to reduce bacterial contamination. However, little is known about Salmonella susceptibility to these compounds and some studies have shown a concerning link between biocide resistance and antibiotic resistance.

Draft genome sequence of a human-associated streptogramin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Treatment of these infections with macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) antibiotics has led to resistance to these antibiotics via various mechanisms. S.

Contribution of Healthy Chickens to Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Associated with Human Extraintestinal Infections in Egypt.

Background: Chickens are considered potential reservoirs for human extraintestinal infections with pathogenic Escherichia coli. However, information about genetic relatedness between E. coli from healthy chickens and human patients is still limited.

Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Streptogramin-Resistant Species Isolated from Animal and Environmental Sources in the United States.

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of eight streptogramin-resistant species isolated from animals and an environmental source in the United States from 2001 to 2004. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified conferring resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and glycopeptides.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Table Eggs in Haripur, Pakistan.

Table eggs are nutritionally important food consumed globally. Despite being protected inside the hard shell and a semipermeable membrane, the egg contents may be contaminated with microbes and thus become a possible carrier of infectious agents to humans. A number of medically significant bacterial species such as Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica have already been reported from table eggs.

Prevalence and multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli from community-acquired infections in Lagos, Nigeria.

Introduction: The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥ 2 more antimicrobials) in Escherichia coli is of concern due to complications encountered in treatment.

Methodology: In this study, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of MDR community isolates of E. coli from Lagos, Nigeria were determined.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Food Animals in Lagos, Nigeria.

Foodborne bacteria are often associated with human infections; these infections can become more complicated to treat if the bacteria are also resistant to antimicrobials. In this study, prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic relatedness of Escherichia coli among food producing animals from Lagos, Nigeria, was investigated. From December 2012 to June 2013, E.