Metagenomic analysis fecal microbiota of dysentery-like diarrhoea in a pig farm using next-generation sequencing.

Porcine enteric diseases including swine dysentery involves a wide range of possible aetiologies and seriously damages the intestine of pigs of all ages. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing is commonly used in research for detecting and analyzing pathogens. In this study, the feces of pigs from a commercial swine farm with dysentery-like diarrhea was collected and used for microbiota analysis by next-generation sequencing.

Endoscopic Ruler for varix size measurement: A multicenter pilot study.

Background: We invented Endoscopic Ruler, a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Aim: To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler, and evaluate the agreement on identifying large oesophageal varices (OV) between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists, as well as the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler.

Methods: We prospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with cirrhosis from 11 hospitals, all of whom got esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with Endoscopic Ruler.

Dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting ferroptosis by the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.

This study is to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and its molecular mechanisms. H9c2 cell injury model was constructed by the hypoxia/normoxia (H/R) conditions. Besides, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) overexpression and knockdown cell lines were constructed.

Expression Profiles of Zebrafish () Lysozymes and Preparation of c-Type Lysozyme with High Bacteriolytic Activity against .

Lysozyme is a crucial component of the host's innate immune system. Due to its natural non-toxic and harmless characteristics, lysozyme is considered to be an ideal antibiotic substitute. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of lysozymes from zebrafish () in uninfected or -infected tissues using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Proteomic Profiling Skin Mucus of European Eel Infected with Anguillid Herpesvirus.

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV) is an important viral pathogen affecting eel. This study was designed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms and immune response elicited at the protein levels in the skin mucus of AngHV-infected . Tandem mass tag (TMT)-labelling proteomics with the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for performing quantitative identification of the proteins.

Avenanthramide-C Activates Nrf2/ARE Pathway and Inhibiting Ferroptosis Pathway to Improve Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging Rats.

Postoperative neurocognitive impairment (POCD) is a common complication after surgery and anesthesia, especially in elderly patients. Avenanthramide-C (AVC) test is a vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule inhibitor with strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of AVC on POCD in aged rats to clarify the effect of AVC on POCD in aged rats.

Evaluation of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of European eel, Anguilla anguilla.

Eels are important aquaculture species for which an increasing number of reference genes are being identified and applied. In this study, five housekeeping genes [RPL7 (ribosomal protein L7), 18 S (18 S ribosomal RNA), EF1A (elongation factor 1α), ACTB (β-actin) and GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)] were chosen to evaluate their reliability as reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the study of Anguilla anguilla. The expression of the selected genes in different eel tissues was determined using qPCR at different growth stages or upon challenge by Anguillid herpesvirus (AngHV), and the expression levels of these genes were then compared and evaluated using the geNorm and NormFinder algorithms.

Immunomodulatory roles of propofol and sevoflurane in murine models of breast cancer.

Background: Anesthetics are emerging regulators of cancer progression. Here we aim to explore the immunomodulatory roles of two common anesthetics, propofol and sevoflurane in breast cancer progression.

Methods: On murine 4T1 breast cancer models, we isolated immune cells from peripheral blood after treatment with propofol and sevoflurane during tumor resection.

Isolation of a novel adomavirus from cultured American eels, Anguilla rostrata, with haemorrhagic gill necrosis disease.

Recently, the culture of American eels (Anguilla rostrate) in China has been impacted by emergence of a disease with signs of haemorrhagic gill necrosis. The gills of diseased eels are covered with petecchia and they bleed when the operculum is pressed. In this study, a novel American eel adomavirus (AEAdoV) was isolated from the diseased eels using the eel ovary cell line (EO).

Toll-Like Receptor 2 Antagonist Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Neuropathic Pain by Repolarizing Pro-inflammatory Macrophages.

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with severe outcomes. The mechanisms of physiopathology of diabetic neuropathy are not well elucidated. Inflammation and inflammatory macrophages are recognized to be crucial in diabetic neuropathy.

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV) ORF95 encodes a late, structural envelope protein.

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV) is one of the vital pathogenic agents found in the wild and cultured eel populations, which has brought significant losses to eel culture industry in China. In this study, AngHV ORF95 was characterized. Bioinformatics analysis showed that ORF95 putatively encodes a structural protein that is homologous to hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV).

Intrathecal Injection of SIRT1-modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Rat.

Accumulating evidence has elucidated that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) exert profound analgesic effects on numerous animal models of neuropathic pain, including drug-induced peripheral nerves, diabetes-induced neuropathy, and chronic constriction injury. We aimed to address whether forcing expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) can enhance the efficacy of hMSCs on alleviation of pain sensation. A rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) mimicking peripheral nerve injury was incorporated in the study.

lncRNA MALAT1 contributes to neuropathic pain development through regulating miR-129-5p/HMGB1 axis in a rat model of chronic constriction injury.

Mounting studies pay attention to the functional roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in many human diseases including neuropathic pain. LncRNA MALAT1 has been indicated to serve as a critical mediator in neuropathic pain with unclear mechanisms. The present study aims to explore the functional roles of MALAT1 in neuropathic pain progression and the related mechanisms.

Methane and Nitrous Oxide Flux after Biochar Application in Subtropical Acidic Paddy Soils under Tobacco-Rice Rotation.

Biochar amendment is a good means of mitigating methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. However, the effects of biochar amendment on NO and CH reduction in soil under rotation with different soil moisture contents is not well understood. To understand CH and NO flux from soil with biochar amendment under water-unsaturated and water-saturated conditions, a field experiment was conducted in a tobacco-rice rotation field in subtropical China to investigate NO and CH emissions following soil amendment with tobacco straw biochar at rates of 0, 10, 40 and 80 t·ha (B0, B10, B40 and B80, respectively).

miR-129-5p Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Through Regulating HMGB1 Expression in CCI Rat Models.

Recently, microRNAs are reported to be participated in the development of pain and persistence of neuropathic and inflammatory pain in animal models. Here, we characterized the functional role of miR-129-5p in pain processing in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat models. Bilateral CCI operation was used to generate neuropathic pain rat model.

TRPM2 participates the transformation of acute pain to chronic pain during injury-induced neuropathic pain.

Transient receptor melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a nonselective Ca -permeable cation channel highly expressed in brain and other tissues. Studies showed that TRPM2 contributed to the induction of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine of immune cells, resulted in neuropathic pain. However, how TRPM2 regulates neuropathic pain is not clear.

Thalidomide alleviates bone cancer pain by down-regulating expressions of NF-κB and GFAP in spinal astrocytes in a mouse model.

Thalidomide is one of the first line therapies in cancer pain management. Previous study has shown that thalidomide decreases the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the mouse spinal cord. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the effect of thalidomide remains unclear.

Administrations of thalidomide into the rostral ventromedial medulla produce antinociceptive effects in a rat model of postoperative pain.

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is highly involved in pain signal transmissions. Previous studies have shown that thalidomide is anti-nociceptive. Thus, we evaluated the neurobiological mechanisms of thalidomide in the RVM in the regulation of postoperative pain.

Role of sigma 1 receptor in high fat diet-induced peripheral neuropathy.

The neurobiological mechanisms of obesity-induced peripheral neuropathy are poorly understood. We evaluated the role of Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) and NMDA receptor (NMDARs) in the spinal cord in peripheral neuropathy using an animal model of high fat diet-induced diabetes. We examined the expression of Sig-1R and NMDAR subunits GluN2A and GluN2B along with postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in the spinal cord after 24-week HFD treatment in both wild-type and Sig-1R-/- mice.

Thalidomide Promotes Morphine Efficacy and Prevents Morphine-Induced Tolerance in Rats with Diabetic Neuropathy.

Opioid analgesics have less efficacy in diabetic neuropathy treatment, and tolerance often occurs after chronic usage. Given that thalidomide can potentiate the morphine efficacy in diabetic neuropathy treatment, we investigated the effects of intrathecal administrations of thalidomide on morphine tolerance during the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. We found that intrathecal administrations of thalidomide (25 mg/kg/ml) potentiated the analgesic effects of morphine on mechanical hyperalgesia and prevented the development of morphine tolerance.

Administrations of thalidomide into the rostral ventromedial medulla alleviates painful diabetic neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) plays a critical role in pain signal transmissions. However, the mechanisms of RVM in type 2 diabetic neuropathy are still poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the mechanisms within the RVM in the modulation of neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetes.

MicroRNA-148b is a potential prognostic biomarker and predictor of response to radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

miR-148b has been found to be aberrantly expressed in various tumor types. It has recently been reported to be involved in regulating radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, its expression level and association with radiosensitivity in human patient samples have not been investigated.

Thalidomide represses inflammatory response and reduces radiculopathic pain by inhibiting IRAK-1 and NF-κB/p38/JNK signaling.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) disease, the most common cause of disc failure and low back pain, is characterized by age-related changes in the adult disc. In this study we aimed to analyze the potential of thalidomide for the treatment of IVD disease, through identifying and explaining its anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic activity in both in vitro IVD cell culture and in vivo animal model. Inflammatory response was induced by IL-1β, then the activity and expression of inflammatory mediators and pathways were assessed in the presence or absence of thalidomide.

Prolonged Suppression of Neuropathic Pain by Sequential Delivery of Lidocaine and Thalidomide Drugs Using PEGylated Graphene Oxide.

The management of patients with neuropathic pain is challenging. Monotherapy with a single pain relief drug may encounter different difficulties, such as short duration of efficacy and hence too many times of drug administration, and inadequate drug delivery. Recently, nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have been proved to provide promising strategies for efficient drug loading, delivery, and release.