Corrigendum: The first molecular genotyping of causing primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Thailand with epidemiology and clinical case reviews.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.

Extracellular Vesicles from Induce IL-8 Response in THP-1 Macrophage.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from pathogenic protozoans play crucial roles in host-parasite communication and disease pathogenesis. is a free-living protozoan causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fatal disease in the central nervous system. This study aims to explore the roles of -derived EVs (-EVs) in host-pathogen interactions using the THP-1 cell line as a model.

Anisotropic Metal Deposition on TiO Particles by Electric-Field-Induced Charge Separation.

Deposition of metals on TiO semiconductor particles (M-TiO ) results in hybrid Janus objects combining the properties of both materials. One of the techniques proposed to generate Janus particles is bipolar electrochemistry (BPE). The concept can be applied in a straightforward way for the site-selective modification of conducting particles, but is much less obvious to use for semiconductors.

ANTI-AMEBIC ACTIVITY OF DIOSGENIN ON NAEGLERIA FOWLERI TROPHOZOITES.

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of diosgenin against Naegleria fowleri trophozoites at the cellular and molecular levels. Diosgenin (100 μg/ml; 241.2 μM) had a 100% inhibitory effect on N.

Effect of synthetic antimicrobial peptides on Naegleria fowleri trophozoites.

We evaluated the effect of tritrpticin, lactoferrin, killer decapeptide and scrambled peptide in vitro against Naegleria fowleri trophozoites compared with amphotericin B. Tritrpticin (100 microg/ml) caused apoptosis of N. fowleri trophozoites (2x10(5) cells/ml), while lactoferrin, killer decapeptide and scrambled peptide did not.

Multiplex PCR for identifying common dust mites species (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis).

Introduction: Dust mites are known to be an important source of inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis and asthma worldwide. The sizes of dust mite populations in patients' houses are useful to monitor the risk of allergen exposure. However, mite identification using the conventional microscopic technique requires specific expertise and is time consuming; therefore a molecular technique has been developed in order to solve these drawbacks.

Scanning electron microscopic study of human neuroblastoma cells affected with Naegleria fowleri Thai strains.

In order to understand the pathogenesis of Naegleria fowleri in primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, the human neuroblastoma (SK-N-MC) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells were studied in vitro. Amoeba suspension in cell-culture medium was added to the confluent monolayer of SK-N-MC and Vero cells. The cytopathic activity of N.

Cytopathogenesis of Naegleria fowleri Thai strains for cultured human neuroblastoma cells.

The aim of this study is to evaluate cellular interaction between free-living amoebae Naegleria fowleri strains and mammalian target cells in vitro. Two Thai strains of N. fowleri; Khon Kaen strain from the environment and Siriraj strain from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid and the Center of Disease Control VO 3081 strain from Atlanta (US) were studied.

Analysis of the 5.8S rRNA and internal transcribed spacers regions of the variant Naegleria fowleri Thai strain.

The aim of this study was to analyze the internal transcribed spacers regions (ITS) of the of 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of four isolants of Naegleria fowleri. Three of four Thai strains were isolated from patients and one from the environment.

Zymogram patterns of Naegleria spp isolated from natural water sources in Taling Chan district, Bangkok.

A genetic approach was cited for species detection of the ameba genus Naegleria using allozyme electrophoresis to characterize the trophozoite stage of three strains of Naegleria fowleri isolated from patients with primary amebic meningoencephalitis, five thermophilic (45 degrees C) Naegleria spp isolated from natural water sources in the Taling Chan district, and a reference control strain, Naegleria fowleri CDC VO 3081. Isoenzymes of ameba whole-cell extracts were analyzed by vertical polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis to determine whether there was any correlation between different strains of the ameba. The results showed that five out of fifteen enzymes; aldehyde oxidase (ALDOX), aldolase (ALD), a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (a-GPDH), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), were undetectable in the pathogenic strains, while the other enzymes; esterase (EST), fumerase (FUM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), isocitate dehydrogenase (IDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malic enzyme (ME), glucose phosphomutase (GPM), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), were detected.

Effect of antifungal drugs on pathogenic Naegleria spp isolated from natural water sources.

Unlabelled: Five of 16 strains of pathogenic Naegleria spp isolated from 350 natural water sources in Taling Chan District, Bangkok had similar molecular weights and zymogram patterns to those of Naegleria fowleri CDCVO 3081 and Thai strain. The in vitro effects of antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole) were tested at the following concentrations: amphotericin B 0.01-0.

In vitro effect of antifungal drugs on pathogenic Naegleria spp.

An ameba of the genus Naegleria causing fatal meningoencephalitis in human subjects was investigated for its sensitivity to antifungal drugs: amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole. The efficacy of these antifungal drugs for pathogenic Naegleria spp was investigated in three strains isolated from patients who had died of primary amebic meningoencephalitis infection at Siriraj Hospital (1986), Ramathibodi Hospital (1987) and Chachoengsao Hospital (1987). All of the isolates were maintained in axenic culture in the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.

Distribution of pathogenic Naegleria spp in Thailand.

Research concerning the distribution, isolation, viability, ultrastructure, morphology and immunogenicity of Naegleria fowleri has been increasing in Thailand during 1988-2000. The distribution of the organism was carried out from 1985 to 1987 in Si Sa Ket and Ubon Rachathani Provinces, after the first fatal case was reported in Si Sa Ket. Since then in a 1998 survey of N.

In vitro studies on the sensitivities of Plasmodium falciparum in Thailand to pyrimethamine and proguanil.

The susceptibility to pyrimethamine and proguanil of a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand was assessed by using blood from the same patient cultured by two different techniques. Irrespective of the technique used, the strain of P. falciparum appeared more sensitive to proguanil than to pyrimethamine.