[Evaluating the introduction of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis as a benefit of statutory health insurance (EvE-PrEP) : Highly effective protection against HIV without an increase in sexually transmitted infections].

Background: We investigated the impact of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a new service of the statutory health insurance (SHI) on the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Germany. In addition, PrEP needs and access barriers were analyzed.

Methods: The following data were evaluated as part of the evaluation project: HIV and syphilis notification data and extended surveillance by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), pharmacy prescription data, SHI routine data, PrEP use in HIV-specialty care centers, Checkpoint, the BRAHMS and PrApp studies, as well as a community board.

Vulvar pruritus-Causes, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach.

Background: In Germany, 17-23% of the population suffers from chronic itching of the skin; in 5-10% of cases, the female genitalia are affected, specifically, the vulva. Vulvar pruritus is thus a common symptom that often markedly impairs the affected women's quality of life.

Methods: This review is based on pertinent publications that were retrieved by a selective search in MEDLINE/PubMed for articles on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of vul- var pruritus.

Multilocus microsatellite analysis of European and African Candida glabrata isolates.

This study aimed to elucidate the genetic relatedness and epidemiology of 127 clinical and environmental Candida glabrata isolates from Europe and Africa using multilocus microsatellite analysis. Each isolate was first identified using phenotypic and molecular methods and subsequently, six unlinked microsatellite loci were analyzed using automated fluorescent genotyping. Genetic relationships were estimated using the minimum-spanning tree (MStree) method.

Mycology - an update part 2: dermatomycoses: clinical picture and diagnostics.

Most fungal infections of the skin are caused by dermatophytes, both in Germany and globally. Tinea pedis is the most frequent fungal infection in Western industrial countries. Tinea pedis frequently leads to tinea unguium, while in the elderly, both may then spread causing tinea corporis.

Mycology - an update. Part 1: Dermatomycoses: causative agents, epidemiology and pathogenesis.

Dermatomycoses are caused most commonly by dermatophytes. The anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum is still the most frequent causative agent worldwide. Keratinolytic enzymes, e.

Efficacy of 4 weeks topical bifonazole treatment for onychomycosis after nail ablation with 40% urea: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study.

Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection most often affecting the toenails. If untreated, it can cause discomfort sufficient to reduce quality of life. To evaluate efficacy and safety of bifonazole cream vs.

[Onychomycosis : a crown jewel of dermatology].

Onychomycosis is a curable infection disease. It is widespread, but not easy to treat. Because fungal pathogens never induce immunity, the relapse rate of mycoses is generally high.

[Candida glabrata : pathogenicity and therapy update].

Chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida glabrata is still rare in comparison to C. albicans infection, but therapy remains more difficult. Standard agents as fluconazole or itraconazole often fail, as well as the newer systemic triazoles like voriconazole or posaconazole.

[Fungal nail infections - an update. Part 2 - From the causative agent to diagnosis - conventional and molecular procedures].

Trichophyton (T.) rubrum is the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in onychomycosis, both in Germany and worldwide. T.

[Fungal nail infections--an update: Part 1--Prevalence, epidemiology, predisposing conditions, and differential diagnosis].

Onychomycosis describes a chronic fungal infection of the nails most frequently caused by dermatophytes, primarily Trichophyton rubrum. In addition, yeasts (e. g.

[A 25-year-old patient with corneal infiltration].

Filamentous fungal keratitis represents a serious infection of the eye. When corneal infiltrates appear, particularly in those who wear contact lenses, mycological assessment should already be performed initially so that filamentous fungal keratitis can be recognized early and treated. Keratitis caused by Fusarium responds well in most cases to topical therapy with ketoconazole or other antimycotic agents so that surgical intervention is only necessary in advanced or treatment-refractory cases.

Differential stripping: introduction of a method to show the penetration of topically applied antifungal substances into the hair follicles.

Investigations concerning the penetration of topically applied drugs are the subject of a multiplicity of research, as the exact knowledge of these mechanisms is the prerequisite for the optimization of such substances. As the hair follicles represent a good long-term reservoir for topically applied substances, it can be assumed that they also represent a reservoir for microorganisms residing on and in the skin. Therefore, the hair follicles must be seen as one main site of action for antimicrobial substances and a simple non-invasive in vivo method for the determination of penetration of antimicrobial substances into the hair follicles.

Onychomycosis.

The guideline on onychomycosis, as passed by the responsible German medical societies, is presented in the present study.

Tinea capitis: ringworm of the scalp.

The guideline tinea capitis, as passed by three German medical societies, is presented in the present study.