Community-Based Mental Health Improvement Initiatives: A Narrative Review and Indiana Case Study.

There is a global mental health crisis: mental illness is underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated with adverse effects on mental, physical, and social health. In the United States, there is an insufficient number of traditional psychiatric and psychological resources to provide the mental health care needed to solve this crisis. Community-based interventions could be an important adjunct to traditional mental health care.

Preference Signals and Interview Invitations: Insight Into Recent Updates to the Oto-HNS Residency Application Process.

Objective: While students in the 2023 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Oto-HNS) residency match were allowed 7 preference signals, this number increased to 25 for the 2024 match with the goal of reducing the overall application volume. We sought to understand the impact of this change to application volume and interview patterns.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

A perspective on integration and outreach: Guiding concepts in the evolution of health informatics.

Background: The National Library of Medicine's Integrated Academic/Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) initiative played a central role in the evolution of health informatics over the project's lifetime (1983-2009) and continues to do so.

Aim: Our objective is to demonstrate how IAIMS and two key IAIMS concepts, integration and outreach, have functioned at very different times during this evolutionary process.

Approach: Using a framework drawn from Lorenzi and Stead's 2021 history of IAIMS, we examine the role of integration and outreach in work at the University of Maryland Baltimore (UMB) in the early 1980s and at the University of Texas Arlington (UTA) in 2020.

Can large language models help predict results from a complex behavioural science study?

We tested whether large language models (LLMs) can help predict results from a complex behavioural science experiment. In study 1, we investigated the performance of the widely used LLMs GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in forecasting the empirical findings of a large-scale experimental study of emotions, gender, and social perceptions.

Surgical management of iSGS in pregnant patients: Survey among North American expertise centers.

Objective: To identify, group and document the surgical management of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) in pregnant women among North American centers with expertise in the treatment of airway stenosis.

Background: Idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a rare airway disease that primarily affects women in their third to fifth decade of life. Symptoms of iSGS often worsen during pregnancy and can present as a threat to optimal maternal and fetal health; however there is a lack of evidence addressing the management of iSGS in pregnancy.

Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery resident and medical school characteristics: Current paradigm amidst changing application criteria.

Purpose: To determine the characteristics of current US Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Oto-HNS) residents and their medical school.

Methods: Data were manually collected between Dec 2022 and Jan 2023 for 1649 residents attending 163 US-based ACGME accredited Oto-HNS residency programs, reflecting the 2018-2022 cohort. All data were collected from publicly available sources including residency and medical school program websites, web of science, and professional networking sites (ex: LinkedIn, Doximity).

Laser Versus Cold Steel for Endoscopic Management of Subglottic Stenosis.

Objective: Endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis (SGS) includes a wide range of techniques. This 17-year review compares treatment outcomes between carbon dioxide (CO) laser and cold steel.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Test many theories in many ways.

Demonstrating the limitations of the one-at-a-time approach, crowd initiatives reveal the surprisingly powerful role of analytic and design choices in shaping scientific results. At the same time, cross-cultural variability in effects is far below the levels initially expected. This highlights the value of "medium" science, leveraging diverse stimulus sets and extensive robustness checks to achieve integrative tests of competing theories.

Individual herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) particles exit by exocytosis and accumulate at preferential egress sites.

The human pathogen herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) produces a lifelong infection in the majority of the world's population. While the generalities of alpha herpesvirus assembly and egress pathways are known, the precise molecular and spatiotemporal details remain unclear. In order to study this aspect of HSV-1 infection, we engineered a recombinant HSV-1 strain expressing a pH-sensitive reporter, gM-pHluorin.

Reassessing the Role of Phonomicrosurgery and Smoking Status in the Management of Reinke's Edema.

Objectives: To elucidate recurrence patterns of Reinke's edema (RE) following phonomicrosurgery and compare current and former smokers' outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent microflap excision for RE at our institution since 2008. Patient data were collected, including demographics, smoking history, and operative and voice outcomes during the available follow-up period.

Prolonged Gastrointestinal Manifestations After Recovery From COVID-19.

Background & Aims: Acute enteric infections are well known to result in long-term gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Although COVID-19 is principally a respiratory illness, it demonstrates significant GI tropism, possibly predisposing to prolonged gut manifestations. We aimed to examine the long-term GI impact of hospitalization with COVID-19.

Scoping Review of Surgical Rehabilitation of Post Intubation Phonatory Insufficiency.

Objectives: Post intubation phonatory insufficiency (PIPI) or posterior glottic diastasis describes posterior glottic insufficiency (PGI) caused by prolonged intubation causing medial arytenoid ulceration, mucosal scarring, and incomplete cricoarytenoid joint adduction. The purpose of this review is to showcase diagnostic findings, surgical rehabilitation, and gaps in our treatment algorithm of PIPI.

Data Sources: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science.

Are we all implicit puritans? New evidence that work and sex are intuitively moralized in both traditional and non-traditional cultures.

Contradicting our earlier claims of American moral exceptionalism, recent self-replication evidence from our laboratory indicates that implicit puritanism characterizes the judgments of people across cultures. Implicit cultural evolution may lag behind explicit change, such that differences between traditional and non-traditional cultures are greater at a deliberative than an intuitive level. Not too deep down, perhaps we are all implicit puritans.

The Application of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Non-Cough Laryngeal Hypersensitivity.

Objective(s): To investigate the effect of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block in patients with non-cough complaints relating to laryngeal who have failed conventional medical therapy.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 46 patients who underwent SLN block for non-cough indications between July 2019 and March 2022 was performed. Demographics, comorbidities, and patient-reported outcomes were collected.

The Role of Bilateral Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block in Managing Refractory Chronic Cough.

Objective(s): The aim was to investigate the utilization and efficacy of bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block in patients with refractory chronic cough.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 164 patients with refractory chronic cough who underwent bilateral SLN block at a single institution between November 2018 and September 2022 was performed. Demographics, comorbidities, and patient-reported outcomes including pre- and postinjection Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) scores were collected and analyzed.

Surgical Management of Airway Stenosis During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review.

Objective: There are several options for surgical management of subglottic stenosis, including endoscopic and open procedures. However, treatment algorithms, outcomes, and anesthetic management of subglottic stenosis during pregnancy are not well described.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases.

Nutri: A Behavioral Science-Based Clinical Decision Support for Chronic Disease Management.

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for the ongoing decision making required to support health behavior change for chronic disease management should incorporate behavioral science (e.g., a collaborative goal setting workflow) with more common CDSS components (i.

Mapping Genetic Susceptibility to Stenosis in the Proximal Airway.

Objectives: Recent translational scientific efforts in subglottic stenosis (SGS) support a disease model where epithelial alterations facilitate microbiome displacement, dysregulated immune activation, and localized fibrosis. Yet despite recent advances, the genetic basis of SGS remains poorly understood. We sought to identify candidate risk genes associated with an SGS phenotype, investigate their biological function, and identify the cell types enriched for their expression.

Interdisciplinary assessment of tracheostomy care knowledge: An opportunity for quality improvement.

Purpose: A 2013 AAOHNS consensus statement called for reduced variation in tracheostomy care. Multidisciplinary approaches and standardized protocols have been shown to improve tracheostomy outcomes. This study aims to identify inconsistencies in knowledge in order to design standardized education targeting these areas to improve quality of care.

Comparative Treatment Outcomes for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: 5-Year Update.

The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) previously published a 3-year multi-institutional prospective cohort study showing variation in treatment effectiveness between 3 primary surgical techniques for idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). In this report, we update these findings to include 5 years of data evaluating treatment effectiveness. Patients in the NoAAC cohort were re-enrolled for 2 additional years and followed using the prespecified published protocol.