Camera-based near-infrared autofluorescence versus visual identification in total thyroidectomy for parathyroid function preservation: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Hypocalcemia is the most common postoperative complication of total thyroidectomy. Near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) technology is a surgical adjunct that has been increasingly utilized with the aim of preventing postoperative hypocalcemia, but its clinical benefits have not yet been firmly established. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical benefit of utilizing NIRAF technology in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.

Pivoting from in-person to phone survey assessment of alcohol and substance use: effects on representativeness in a United States prospective cohort of women living with and without HIV.

Many clinical and population-based research studies pivoted from in-person assessments to phone-based surveys due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of these transitions on survey response remains understudied, especially for people living with HIV. Given that there are gender-specific trends in alcohol and substance use, it is particularly important to capture these data for women.

Predictors of Linkage to an Opioid Treatment Program and Methadone Treatment Retention following Hospital Discharge in a Safety-Net Setting.

: Methadone is increasingly initiated during hospitalization for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). However, little is known about which factors are associated with linkage to opioid treatment programs (OTP) and retention in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) following hospital discharge. This is a retrospective study of adults with OUD hospitalized in an urban, safety-net hospital referred by inpatient clinicians to an onsite OTP for post-discharge MMT follow-up from October 2017 to July 2019.

Methadone treatment and patient-directed hospital discharges among patients with opioid use disorder: Observations from general medicine services at an urban, safety-net hospital.

Introduction: People with opioid use disorder (OUD) have high rates of discharge against medical advice from the hospital. Interventions for addressing these patient-directed discharges (PDDs) are lacking. We sought to explore the impact of methadone treatment for OUD on PDD.

A multicenter evaluation of near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of parathyroid glands in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

Background: The usefulness of incorporating near-infrared autofluorescence into the surgical workflow of endocrine surgeons is unclear. Our aim was to develop a prospective registry and gather expert opinion on appropriate use of this technology.

Methods: This was a prospective multicenter collaborative study of patients undergoing thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy at 7 academic centers.

A Retrospective Study of Clinicopathologic Outcomes of Nodules With Hürthle Cell Cytology and the Thyroid Nodule App (TNAPP) Ultrasound Recommendations.

Objectives: Hürthle cells are a common finding on thyroid fine-needle aspiration, but when they are the predominant cytology, they represent a difficult diagnostic challenge. The Thyroid Nodule App (TNAPP) is a new, publicly available web application utilizing ultrasound (US) features based on the updated 2016 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists clinical practice guidelines for thyroid nodule management. This pilot study was performed to assess the TNAPP recommendations and surgical pathology outcomes of Hürthle cell-predominant thyroid nodules.

Inpatient Opioid Use Disorder Treatment by Generalists is Associated With Linkage to Opioid Treatment Programs After Discharge.

Objectives: Describe clinical and demographic associations with inpatient medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) initiation on general medicine services and to examine associations between inpatient MOUD initiation by generalists and subsequent patient healthcare utilization.

Methods: This is a retrospective study using medical record data from general medicine services at an urban safety-net hospital before an inpatient addiction consultation service. The patients were adults hospitalized for acute medical illness who had an opioid-related ICD-10 code associated with the visit.

In-Practice Endocrine Surgery Fellowship: A Novel Training Model.

Objective: Endocrine surgery is an expanding field within otolaryngology. We hypothesized that a novel endocrine surgery fellowship model for in-practice otolaryngologists could result in expert-level training.

Study Design: Qualitative clinical study with chart review.

Impact of branching on the supramolecular assembly of thioethers on Au(111).

Alkanethiolate monolayers are one of the most comprehensively studied self-assembled systems due to their ease of preparation, their ability to be functionalized, and the opportunity to control their thickness perpendicular to the surface. However, these systems suffer from degradation due to oxidation and defects caused by surface etching and adsorbate rotational boundaries. Thioethers offer a potential alternative to thiols that overcome some of these issues and allow dimensional control of self-assembly parallel to the surface.

Tbr2 is required to generate a neural circuit mediating the pupillary light reflex.

There are ∼20 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in mice, each of which has distinct molecular, morphological, and physiological characteristics. Each RGC type sends axon projections to specific brain areas that execute light-dependent behaviors. Here, we show that the T-box transcription factor Tbr2 is required for the development of several RGC types that participate in non-image-forming circuits.

Factors affecting time to revision sinus surgery for nasal polyps: a 25-year experience.

Objectives/hypothesis: Surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is often followed by polyp regrowth with return of symptoms. The purpose of this study is to identify clinical factors that influence the time interval to revision sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

A comparison of patient and nurse expectations regarding nursing care in the emergency department.

Introduction: Patient satisfaction, an important measurable outcome, allows nurses to assess what can be improved in nursing practice. The purpose of this study is to compare expectations of patients and nurses using 3 nursing care attributes: 1) friendliness, courtesy, and respectfulness; 2) comfort measures; and 3) degree of information sharing.

Methods: This is an Institutional Review Board-exempt survey of paired patients' and nurses' perceptions of nursing care in a 50-bed emergency department of a level 1 trauma center.

Viewing and inducing symmetry breaking at the single-molecule limit.

Symmetry breaking by photons, electrons, and molecular interactions lies at the heart of many important problems as varied as the origin of homochiral life to enantioselective drug production. Herein we report a system in which symmetry breaking can be induced and measured in situ at the single-molecule level using scanning tunneling microscopy. We demonstrate that electrical excitation of a prochiral molecule on an achiral surface produces large enantiomeric excesses in the chiral adsorbed state of up to 39%.

Isolated metal atom geometries as a strategy for selective heterogeneous hydrogenations.

Facile dissociation of reactants and weak binding of intermediates are key requirements for efficient and selective catalysis. However, these two variables are intimately linked in a way that does not generally allow the optimization of both properties simultaneously. By using desorption measurements in combination with high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that individual, isolated Pd atoms in a Cu surface substantially lower the energy barrier to both hydrogen uptake on and subsequent desorption from the Cu metal surface.

Experimental demonstration of a single-molecule electric motor.

For molecules to be used as components in molecular machines, methods that couple individual molecules to external energy sources and that selectively excite motion in a given direction are required. Significant progress has been made in the construction of molecular motors powered by light and by chemical reactions, but electrically driven motors have not yet been built, despite several theoretical proposals for such motors. Here we report that a butyl methyl sulphide molecule adsorbed on a copper surface can be operated as a single-molecule electric motor.

Spontaneous transmission of chirality through multiple length scales.

The hierarchical transfer of chirality in nature, from the nano-, to meso-, to macroscopic length scales, is very complex, and as of yet, not well understood. The advent of scanning probes has allowed chirality to be monitored at the single molecule or monolayer level and has opened up the possibility to track enantiospecific interactions and chiral self-assembly with molecular-scale detail. This paper describes the self-assembly of a simple, model molecule (naphtho[2,3-a]pyrene) that is achiral in the gas phase, but becomes chiral when adsorbed on a surface.

Time-resolved studies of individual molecular rotors.

Thioether molecular rotors show great promise as nanoscale models for exploring the fundamental limits of thermally and electrically driven molecular rotation. By using time-resolved measurements which increase the time resolution of the scanning tunneling microscope we were able to record the dynamics of individual thioether molecular rotors as a function of surface structure, rotor chemistry, thermal energy and electrical excitation. Our results demonstrate that the local surface structure can have a dramatic influence on the energy landscape that the molecular rotors experience.