Spatial Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Brains of Alzheimer's Disease.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are highly versatile in their modes of action and play critical roles in both normal physiological and disease processes. The dysregulation of lncRNA expression has been implicated in aging and many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report a spatial expression atlas of 7,634 lncRNA genes in aged human brains, covering 258,987 microdomains from 78 postmortem brain sections of 21 ROSMAP participants.

Effect of early dexamethasone on outcomes of COVID-19: A quasi-experimental study using propensity score matching.

Background: The RECOVERY trial demonstrated that the use of dexamethasone is associated with a 36% lower 28-day mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the optimal timing to start dexamethasone remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study at National Taiwan University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan) using propensity score matching to simulate a randomized controlled trial to receive or not to receive early dexamethasone (6 mg/day) during the first 7 days following the onset of symptoms.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of non-cystic fibrosis patients with Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia at a medical center in Taiwan.

Background: Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) represents a group of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria that cause infections among immunocompromised hosts. Bacteremia occurs in patients who are chronically ill and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of BCC bacteremic patients without cystic fibrosis.

The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation.

The avocado, , is a fruit crop of immense importance to Mexican agriculture with an increasing demand worldwide. Avocado lies in the anciently diverged magnoliid clade of angiosperms, which has a controversial phylogenetic position relative to eudicots and monocots. We sequenced the nuclear genomes of the Mexican avocado race, var.

Altered Gene Regulatory Networks Are Associated With the Transition From C to Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in (Oncidiinae: Orchidaceae).

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is a modification of the core C photosynthetic pathway that improves the ability of plants to assimilate carbon in water-limited environments. CAM plants fix CO mostly at night, when transpiration rates are low. All of the CAM pathway genes exist in ancestral C species, but the timing and magnitude of expression are greatly altered between C and CAM species.

Genome of the pitcher plant Cephalotus reveals genetic changes associated with carnivory.

Carnivorous plants exploit animals as a nutritional source and have inspired long-standing questions about the origin and evolution of carnivory-related traits. To investigate the molecular bases of carnivory, we sequenced the genome of the heterophyllous pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis, in which we succeeded in regulating the developmental switch between carnivorous and non-carnivorous leaves. Transcriptome comparison of the two leaf types and gene repertoire analysis identified genetic changes associated with prey attraction, capture, digestion and nutrient absorption.

Long-read sequencing uncovers the adaptive topography of a carnivorous plant genome.

, the humped bladderwort, is a carnivorous plant that retains a tiny nuclear genome despite at least two rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) since common ancestry with grapevine and other species. We used a third-generation genome assembly with several complete chromosomes to reconstruct the two most recent lineage-specific ancestral genomes that led to the modern genome structure. Patterns of subgenome dominance in the most recent WGD, both architectural and transcriptional, are suggestive of allopolyploidization, which may have generated genomic novelty and led to instantaneous speciation.

Prognostic impact of nutritional risk assessment in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Protein-energy wasting is associated with poor outcome in various clinical settings. However, the prevalence of malnutrition and the prognostic impact of nutritional status are poorly understood in institutionalized patients with chronic schizophrenia. This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index for long-term outcomes in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Untangling reticulate evolutionary relationships among New World and Hawaiian mints (Stachydeae, Lamiaceae).

The phenomenon of polyploidy and hybridization usually results in novel genetic combinations, leading to complex, reticulate evolution and incongruence among gene trees, which in turn may show different phylogenetic histories than the inherent species tree. The largest tribe within the subfamily Lamioideae (Lamiaceae), Stachydeae, which includes the globally distributed Stachys, and one of the largest Hawaiian angiosperm radiations, the endemic mints, is a widespread and taxonomically challenging lineage displaying a wide spectrum of morphological and chromosomal diversity. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have showed that while the Hawaiian mints group with Mexican-South American Stachys based on chloroplast DNA sequence data, nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences suggest that they are most closely related to temperate North American Stachys.

Genome-wide analysis of adaptive molecular evolution in the carnivorous plant Utricularia gibba.

The genome of the bladderwort Utricularia gibba provides an unparalleled opportunity to uncover the adaptive landscape of an aquatic carnivorous plant with unique phenotypic features such as absence of roots, development of water-filled suction bladders, and a highly ramified branching pattern. Despite its tiny size, the U. gibba genome accommodates approximately as many genes as other plant genomes.

Phylogeny and biogeography of New World Stachydeae (Lamiaceae) with emphasis on the origin and diversification of Hawaiian and South American taxa.

Due to its unique geological history and isolated location, the Hawaiian Archipelago provides an ideal setting for studies on biogeography, phylogeny and population biology. Species richness in these islands has been attributed to unique colonization events. The Hawaiian mints comprising of three endemic genera represent one of the largest radiations in the island.

Architecture and evolution of a minute plant genome.

It has been argued that the evolution of plant genome size is principally unidirectional and increasing owing to the varied action of whole-genome duplications (WGDs) and mobile element proliferation. However, extreme genome size reductions have been reported in the angiosperm family tree. Here we report the sequence of the 82-megabase genome of the carnivorous bladderwort plant Utricularia gibba.