Biogenic fabrication of a gold nanoparticle sensor for detection of Fe ions using a smartphone and machine learning.

In recent years, smartphones have been integrated into rapid colorimetric sensors for heavy metal ions, but challenges persist in accuracy and efficiency. Our study introduces a novel approach to utilize biogenic gold nanoparticle (AuNP) sensors in conjunction with designing a lightbox with a color reference and machine learning for detection of Fe ions in water. AuNPs were synthesized using the aqueous extract of leaf as reductants and stabilizing agents.