Propofol Affects Different Human Brain Regions Depending on Depth of Sedation(△).

Objective: To investigate the effect of propofol on brain regions at different sedation levels and the association between changes in brain region activity and loss of consciousness using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring.

Methods: Forty-eight participants were enrolled at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2011 to March 2012 and randomly assigned to a mild or a deep sedation group using computer- generated random numbers. Preliminary tests were performed a week prior to scanning to determine target effect site concentrations based on BIS and concomitant Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores while under propofol.

[Effect of propofol on thrombospondin-1 expression in cultured newborn rat cortical astrocytes].

Objective: To investigate the effect of propofol on the expression of thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1) mRNA and protein in purified newborn rat cortical astrocytes in vitro.

Methods: Astrocytes were isolated from newborn rat cortex and grown in culture before exposure to propofol at 3, 10, 30, 100 or 300 µmol/L for 6 h, 12, or 24 h. The mRNA level of THBS-1 was detected by RT-PCR, and the protein level of THBS-1 was detected by immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blotting.

[Effect of subanaesthetic dose of ketamine on mechanical stimulus on brain regions].

Objective: To investigate the effect of subanaesthetic dose of ketamine on mechanical stimulus on brain regions.

Methods: Totally 13 healthy male volunteers were enrolled in this study, in whom 0 and 100 ng/ml ketamine were administrated by target controlled infusion system in pilot study. After von Frey filaments (vFFs) 300 g were used as mechanical stimuli, Visual Analogue Scale scores were evaluated.

Urgent tracheal resection and reconstruction assisted by temporary cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report.

Severe tracheal stenosis can not only cause critical medical problems such as severe shortness of breath, hypoxia, and even orthopnea, but also impose overwhelming challenges on the physicians, particularly the anesthesiologist. Life-threatening airway obstruction can make the patient's gas exchange extremely difficult.Though several options could be offered regarding the treatment of tracheal stenosis, normally, tracheal resection and following reconstruction is the first choice for severe airway stenosis.

[Non-inferiority study of lornoxicam to patient-controlled analgesia in patients after hysterectomy].

Objective: To evaluate the non-inferiority of lornoxicam to fentanyl in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after hysterectomy.

Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, 117 patients who suffered from moderate to severe pain i.e.

[An audit of perioperative fluid management and electrolyte monitoring in children undergoing surgery for scoliosis].

Objective: To audite and compare the perioperative practices of intravenous fluids and electrolyte & glucose monitoring in children undergoing operations for scoliosis in 2008, 2010, prior to and after the publication of guideline in 2009.

Methods: Retrospective audit was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Beijing, China. Children under 14 years old with scoliosis treated surgically in 2008 and 2010 were recruited.

Effects of propofol on brain activation in respond to mechanical stimuli.

Objective: To observe the effects of different concentrations of propofol on brain regions activated by mechanical stimuli, and then to investigate the analgesic effect of propofol.

Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into two groups: light anesthesia group (group L) (BIS 60-80) and deep anesthesia group (group D)(BIS 40-60). Propofol was administrated by target controlled infusion system in pilot study.

[Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the domestic sevoflurane for transabdominal hysterectomy].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of domestic sevoflurane by comparing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of domestic sevoflurane and an imported product.

Methods: Eighty patients undergoing general anesthesia for transabdominal hysterectomy were equally randomized into domestic sevoflurane group and imported sevoflurane group. The following data were recorded and compared: vital signs; change of sevoflurane concentrations in the induction period and recovery period; the time when inhaled sevoflurane concentration reached half of the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer; the time when the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration reached half of the pre-set concentration of the vaporizer; the time when the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration reached half of inhaled sevoflurane concentration; the time of the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration reached 0.

[Preventive efficacy of ondansetron and granisetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in high risk patients].

Objective: To compare the efficacy of ondansetron and granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high-risk patients.

Methods: Totally 200 patients with three key risk factors for PONV (female, non-smoking and postoperative opioid use) were equally randomized into ondansetron group and granisetron group. Ondansetron (4 mg) or granisetron (3 mg) was intravenously administered upon the completion of surgery.

Calculated plasma medial effective concentration of propofol with and without magnesium sulfate at loss of consciousness.

Background: Perioperative disorder of magnesium, an important cation in the human body, may affect clinical anesthesia. The pharmacological data of propofol use, which is popularly used in the anesthesiology department and intensive care unit, is incomplete in Chinese patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of magnesium sulfate on the calculated plasma medial effective concentration (Cp50cal) of propofol at loss of response to command in Chinese females.

[Suppressive effect of propofol on low-voltage-activated calcium currents in rat hippocampal neurons].

Objective: To investigate the effect of propofol on the low-voltage-activated calcium currents [ICa(LVA)] in rat hippocampal neurons.

Methods: Hippocampal neurons were prepared from Wistar rats and cultured. ICa(LVA) was recorded using whole cell patch clamp technique.

[Application of propofol target controlled infusion combined with dribbled and nebulized lidocaine in tracheal intubation under spontaneous respiration].

Objective: To evaluate the value of propofol target-controlled infusion combined with dribbled and nebulized lidocaine in tracheal intubation under spontaneous breathing.

Methods: Totally 40 elective surgery patients to accept tracheal intubation under unconsciousness and spontaneous breathing were randomly divided into 2 groups: 6-8 cm of endotracheal tube was inserted subglottic ally in the complete intubation group (n=20) while 3-4 cm was inserted temporarily in the partial intubation group (n=20).

Results: The tracheal intubation was successfully completed under spontaneous breathing in all patients; meanwhile,the hemodynamic status was stable without any severe respiratory complications.

[Effect of ketamine on high-voltage-activated calcium currents in rat hippocampal neurons].

Objective: To investigate the effect of ketamine on the high-voltage-activated calcium currents (ICa(HVA)) in rat hippocampal neurons.

Methods: Neurons were cultured from Wistar rat hippocampus. ICa(HVA) was recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique.

[Effects of naloxone on the expression of stem cell factor and C-kit receptor in combined oxygen-glucose deprivation of primary cultured human embryonic neuron in vitro].

Objective: To explore the effects of naloxone on the expression of c-kit receptor (c-kit R) and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) in human embryo neuronal hypoxic injury.

Methods: Serum-free cerebral cortical cultures prepared from embryonic human brains were deprived of both oxygen and glucose which would set up an environment more likely with that of in vivo ischemic injury. Neurons in 24-well culture plates were randomly divided into four groups: control group, hypoxia group, naloxone 0.

[Suppression effect of ketamine on transient outward potassium currents in rathippocampal neurons].

Objective: To investigate the effect of ketamine on the transient outward potassium currents [IA] using whole-cell patch clamp technique.

Methods: Pyramidal neurons were enzymatically isolated from Wistar rat hippocampus. The effect of ketamine on the [IA] was assessed using whole-cell patch clamp technique.

Effect of etomidate on voltage-dependent potassium currents in rat isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

Background: Previous studies demonstrated general anesthetics affect potassium ion channels, which may be one of the mechanisms of general anesthesia. Because the effect of etomidate on potassium channels in rat hippocampus which is involved in memory function has not been studied, we investigated the effects of etomidate on both delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K(DR))) and transient outward potassium current (I(K(A))) in acutely dissociated rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

Methods: Single rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons from male Wistar rats of - 10 days were acutely dissociated by enzymatic digestion and mechanical dispersion according to the methods of Kay and Wong with slight modification.

[Effects of residual paralysis after a single intubating dose of rocuronium on postoperative pulmonary function of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries].

Objective: To evaluate the residual paralysis after a single intubating dose of rocuronium and its effect of residual paralysis after a single dose of rocuronium on the postoperative pulmonary function of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries.

Methods: Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I - II patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgeries were randomly divided into rocuronium (R) group (n = 30) and rocuronium + neostigmine (R + N) group (n = 30).All patients received midazolam (0.

[Effects of atracurium pretreatment with magnesium on speed of onset, duration, and recovery of neuromuscular blockade].

Objective: To determine the effects of atracurium pretreatment with magnesium on speed of onset, duration, and recovery of neuromuscular block.

Methods: Thirty patients who were undergoing elective gynecologic laparoscopic examination and treatments under general anesthesia were randomized into magnesium group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Before induction of general anesthesia, patients in magnesium group intravenously received MgSO4 30 mg/kg in saline within 5 minutes, and patients in control group received the same volume of saline without MgSO4.

[Psychedelic effects of subanesthetic doses of ketamine].

Objective: To study the psychedelic effects in healthy volunteers when given subanesthetic dose of ketamine.

Methods: Thirteen male healthy volunteers aged 24-39 years were enrolled. All subjects received subanesthetic doses of ketamine using target control infusion.

C50 for propofol-remifentanil target-controlled infusion and bispectral index at loss of consciousness and response to painful stimulus in Chinese patients: a multicenter clinical trial.

Background: In this study, we evaluated the predicted blood and effect-site C(50) for propofol and remifentanil target-controlled infusion and the Bispectral Index (BIS) values at loss of consciousness (LOC) and response to a standard noxious painful stimulus in Chinese patients. We hypothesized that these values would be different from previously published data on Caucasians.

Methods: Five medical centers enrolled 405 ASA physical status I and II unpremedicated Chinese patients (97 men, 308 women) aged 18-65 yr.

[Comparison of cerebral state index and bispectral index accuracies in sedation monitoring during target control infusion of midazolam].

Objective: To compare the accuracies of cerebral state index (CSI) and bispectral index (BIS) in sedation monitoring during target control infusion of midazolam.

Methods: Twenty informed adult male volunteers were intravenously administered with midazolam through plasma target control infusion from 30ng/ml (in increments of 10ng/ml every time) until they became unresponsive to tactile stimulation (i. e.

[Effects of melatonin on the voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channels of cultured hippocampal neurons of new-born rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of melatonin on voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channels.

Methods: Hippocampus neurons were obtained from newborn Wistar rat and cultured. Primary cultured for 7 to 12 days of new-born Wistar rat were selected as objectives.

[Protective endotracheal intubation to reduce endotracheal bacterial contamination].

Objective: To initially observe the effect of classical endotracheal intubation on endotracheal bacterial contamination and evaluate the validity of protective endotracheal intubation on reducing endotracheal bacterial contamination.

Methods: Ninety elective patients undergoing general anesthesia for hysterectomy were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group II received endotracheal intubation protected by sterilized transparent sleeve while group I correspondingly adopted unprotective classical endotracheal intubation.

[A randomized double-blind study of prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with ondansetron, tropisetron, or granisetron in patients undergoing general anesthesia].

Objective: To compare the efficacy of different 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods: Totally 360 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I - II, aged 18-75 years, and having received elective operation with endotracheal intubation general anesthesia, were randomly divided into three double-blind groups: ondansetron group, tropisetron group, and granisetron group, with 120 patients in each group. Before anesthesia induction, patients were intravenously given ondansetron (4 mg), tropisetron (5 mg), or granisetron (3 mg), respectively.