A family case report of parathyroid carcinoma associated with mutation in hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome.

Background: Hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) accounts for 5-10% of all PHPT cases, necessitating genetic testing for diagnosis and management. Among these, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations with variable clinical presentations and incomplete symptoms.

Case Summary: The proband, diagnosed with PHPT, underwent parathyroidectomy at the age of 41 with pathological examination of parathyroid carcinoma (PC).

ROS‑mediated autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway protects INS‑1 cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide‑induced cytotoxicity.

Oligomerization of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is toxic and contributes to progressive reduction of β cell mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism in eukaryotes. Previous studies have confirmed that hIAPP can promote autophagy in β cells, but the underlying molecular mechanism and cellular regulatory pathway of hIAPP‑induced autophagy remains not fully elucidated.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Hypoglycemic Coma in 194 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to analyze possible risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes who are in hypoglycemic coma. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 194 patients with type 2 diabetic hypoglycemic coma who were admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and January 2016 were included. The patients were all in coma on admission, and their blood glucose levels were lower than 2.

Effect of hypercortisolism on bone mineral density and bone metabolism: A potential protective effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone in patients with Cushing's disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of Cushing's disease (CD) and adrenal-dependent Cushing's syndrome (ACS) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism. Methods Data were retrospectively collected for 55 patients with hypercortisolism (CD, n = 34; ACS n = 21) from January 1997 to June 2014. BMD was examined in all patients, and bone turnover markers were tested in some patients.

Risk Score for Detecting Dysglycemia: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Working-Age Population in an Oil Field in China.

BACKGROUND Dysglycemia (pre-diabetes or diabetes) in young adults has increased rapidly. However, the risk scores for detecting dysglycemia in oil field staff and workers in China are limited. This study developed a risk score for the early identification of dysglycemia based on epidemiological and health examination data in an oil field working-age population with increased risk of diabetes.

Adding Prandial Insulin to Basal Insulin Plus Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Chinese Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Single-Arm Study.

Introduction: There is relatively little data from China on the efficacy and safety of adding prandial insulin to basal insulin plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the efficacy and safety of basal insulin dose optimization followed by the addition of prandial insulin in Chinese people with T2DM achieving suboptimal glycemic control with basal insulin and OADs.

Methods: In this open-label, single-arm study, adults with T2DM receiving basal insulin plus OADs underwent insulin dose optimization for 12 weeks.

Silymarin improved diet-induced liver damage and insulin resistance by decreasing inflammation in mice.

Context: Silymarin is the main flavonoid extracted from milk thistle, which has been used to treat liver diseases.

Objective: The in vivo effect of silymarin on HFD-induced insulin resistance and fatty liver in mice was studied.

Materials And Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and insulin resistance and treated with 30, 60 mg/kg silymarin for 18 days.

[The effects and mechanism of islet amyloid polypeptide on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells stimulated by glibenclamide].

Objective: To observe the effects, and study the mechanism of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells stimulated by glibenclamide.

Methods: Whole cell patch clamp technique was employed to study the influences of short exposure to IAPP on electrophysiological characteristics of ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K(ATP) channel) upon sulfonylurea stimulation. Intracellular free calcium changes in this process was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope.

[The mechanism of inhibition of the increase in intracellular calcium concentration by the islet amyloid polypeptide in high glucose-stimulated INS-1 cells].

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of the inhibition of increased intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) by short-term exposure to the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in high glucose-stimulated pancreatic β cells.

Methods: The pancreatic β cells were loaded with calcium sensitive fluorescent indicator Fluo-4/AM. The fluorescence intensity, which represented [Ca²⁺]i, was measured in time by laser scanning confocal microscope before and after stimulated by glucose, KCl, caffeine and carbachol.

[Construction of human phage antibody library and screening for human monoclonal antibodies of amylin].

Aim: To screen monoclonal antibodies to amylin from a constructed human phage antibody library and identify their antigenic specificity and combining activities.

Methods: The heavy chain Fd fragment and light chain of human immunoglobulin genes were amplified from peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors using RT-PCR, and then inserted into phagemid pComb3XSS to generate a human phage antibody library. The insertion of light chain or heavy chain Fd genes were identified by PCR after the digestion of Sac I, Xba I, Xho Iand Spe I.

Islet amyloid polypeptide acts on glucose- stimulated beta cells to reduce voltage-gated calcium channel activation, intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, and insulin secretion.

Objective: the mechanism by which islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) inhibits insulin release is unclear. We hypothesized that reduced voltage-gated calcium channel activity and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration might contribute to IAPP-mediated inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release.

Research Design And Methods: rat islet beta cells were cultured and treated with various extracellular concentrations of IAPP, and insulin release was stimulated via addition of glucose.

[The effects of amylin on the islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels in rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of amylin on the islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels in rats.

Method: Patch clamp technique was employed in the observation of the features and changes of electric current of islet beta-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels before and after using amylin.

Results: In the glucose environment of 5.

[The effect of Ca2+ channel blocker on insulin secretion in rat pancreatic islet cells].

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Ca2+ channel blocker on the insulin secretion in islet beta cells of rats.

Methods: The cells were divided into two groups: the low sugar concentration and high sugar concentration groups. These cells were examined with radioimmunoassay and fluorescence method and the effects of nifedipine (NIF), verapamil (VER), and diltiazem (DIL) on the contents of Ca2+ in the islet cells and the secretion volume of insulin at different concentrations were observed.