[Turbulent characteristics in forest canopy under atmospheric neutral condition].

Based on the micrometeorological data of broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain in 2003, a second-order closure model was employed to calculate and analyze the turbulent characteristics within and above the canopy of the forest. The calculated mean wind profile was coincident with the measured one. The Reynolds stress within the forest was significantly attenuated.

[Effects of atmospheric thermally stratified condition on sensible heat within forest canopy].

By using Eulerian second-order closure model, this paper studied the source-sink distribution and flux characteristics of sensible heat within forest canopy under atmospheric thermally stratified condition. In the daytime, a notable feature for the atmospheric stratification of forest canopy was the unstable stratification above the canopy and the stable stratification under the canopy. The changes of temperature profile indicated there was a 'hot spot' at about 2/3 of canopy height.

[Construction and application of a coupled slope surface-subsurface flow model for forested watershed].

A coupled slope surface-subsurface flow model which can be solved by finite difference method was constructed with saturated infiltration theory, Saint-Venant equation, and Richards equation, and a series of slope runoff generation experiments under conditions of different slope grades and rain intensities were conducted in laboratory. The results showed that the simulated and observed processes of surface-subsurface flow accorded well, with the relative errors of peak time, flow duration, peak flow, and gross flow being mostly less than 10%. This precise and practicable model could be used in further studying the mechanisms of subsurface flow and in providing theoretical basis for improving rainfall-runoff watershed models.

[Amount and vertical distribution of macropores in forest soils in Changbai Mountains].

By using tension infiltrometer, this paper studied the amount and vertical distribution of macropores with the radius of > or = 0.5 mm, 0.25-0.

[Characteristics of macropores in two forest soils on northern slope of Changbai Mountains].

By using dye tracing and image analysis, the characteristics and distribution of macropores in brown coniferous forest soil and dark brown forest soil on northern slope of Changbai Mountains were studied, with the factors affecting the formation of the macropores discussed. The results showed that the vertical distribution pattern of soil macropores could be indirectly known by the variation of dyed area with soil depth. The dyed area of the two soils tended to decrease with increasing soil depth.

[Research progress in soil macropore flow].

In this paper, the definitions of soil macropore and macropore flow, their types, characteristics, generation mechanisms, and experimental methods in laboratory and field were introduced, and the research progress in their determination techniques, including dye tracing, slice up, penetration curve, tension infiltration apparatus, X-ray CT scanning, and radar exploration were summarized. It was indicated that because of the complexity of the factors affecting soil macropore and macropore flow, the experiments in laboratory should be combined with those in field, and the observation techniques and simulation measures should be further improved.

[Soil hydro-physical properties under broadleaved Korean pine and dark coniferous forests on northern slope of Changbai Mountains].

The measurement of soil hydro-physical properties under broadleaved Korean pine and dark coniferous forests on the northern slope of Changbai Mountains showed that under these two forest types, soil bulk density and porosity had the same variation trend with increasing soil depth, i. e. , bulk density and capillary porosity increased, while total porosity and non-capillary porosity decreased.

[Numerical simulation of vertical one-dimensional water movement in unsaturated soil: a case study on coniferous forest brown soil on northern slope of Changbai Mountains].

This paper established a mathematical model to simulate the vertical one-dimensional flow processes in unsaturated zone, based on the basic equation of soil water movement and the actual layer structure of coniferous forest brown soil on northern slope of Changbai Mountains. The numerical discrete equations of this model were derived, and the procedure for the numerical simulation of the model was programmed. This model was validated with numerical simulation, and the simulation values were consistent well with the measurements.

Hydrological adjustment and flooding control of wetlands in the Liaohe Delta.

The function of estuary wetland on hydrological adjustment and flooding control is studied in this paper. It is estimated that the evapotranspiration in the reed field during growth season (June to October) is 722.9 mm, which is 37.