Transurethral endoscopic submucosal en bloc dissection for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: A comparison study of HybridKnife-assisted versus conventional dissection technique.

Subjects: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of en bloc bladder tumor-endoscopic submucosal dissection (BT-ESD) and conventional transurethral resection of BT (TURBT) in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital. A total of 193 eligible NMIBC (Ta/T1) patients were enrolled in this study (95 cases in BT-ESD group and 98 cases in TURBT group), between November 2013 and January 2017.

Molecular analysis of KAL-1 in a series of Kallmann syndrome and normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients from Northwestern China.

We conducted an analysis of the Kallmann syndrome 1 (KAL-1) genotype in 17 patients with Kallmann syndrome (KS), 9 patients with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH) and 20 age-matched normal men in Northwestern China. To do this, we used multiplex PCR analysis with exon-flanking primers and automated sequencing techniques with peripheral blood DNA samples. Intragenic deletions were found at the KAL-1 locus in two KS patients.