[Community Characteristics of Methanogens and Methanogenic Pathways in Salt-tolerant Rice Soil].

It is known that methanogens play a critical role in the carbon cycle in soil, while methanogen community characteristics and their environmental influencing factors in the soil planted with salt-tolerant rice remain unclear. In this study, methanogen abundance, community composition, and relationships with environmental factors in soils planted with the salt-tolerant rice (YC1703) and ordinary rice (Lindao 10) were evaluated in the rice improvement demonstration base of Qingdao Wisdom Agricultural Industry using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that the abundance and community richness of methanogens in Lindao 10 soil were significantly higher than those in YC1703 soil, and methanogens in YC1703 soil exhibited higher diversity.

[Differences Between DNA- and RNA-Based Bacterial Communities in Marine Sediments].

Microorganisms in marine sediments play crucial roles in biogeochemical processes. Currently, 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing is popular for studying bacterial communities; however, the DNA used in analysis can include not only that from active microorganisms but also that from inactive microorganisms, while the RNA can represent active microorganisms and more recent activity in the environment; therefore, a study of the difference between the total bacterial community based on the 16S rRNA gene and the active bacterial community based on 16S rRNA will support a better understanding of bacterial community structure and function in marine sediments. In this study, the total and active bacterial community structures in surface sediments from the Bohai Sea and South Yellow Sea were investigated at DNA and RNA level using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively.

[Effects of salinity on the survival and asexual reproduction of Aurelia coerulea polyps at different temperatures].

The scyphozoan genus Aurelia is one of the main contributors causing jellyfish blooms in global coastal waters. The population and reproduction of polyps are important factors to the outbreak of jellyfish. In this study, the effects of different salinity on the survival and asexual reproduction of Aurelia coerulea polyps were explored, which were cultured at the high (21 ℃) and low temperature (12 ℃), respectively.

[Analysis of Sulfate-Reducing and Sulfur-Oxidizing Prokaryote Community Structures in Marine Sediments with Different Sequencing Technologies].

Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) and sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes (SOP) play vital roles in the sulfur cycle. The SRP community was used to represent a microbial community with high richness and diversity. The 454 pyrosequencing, Illumina high-throughput sequencing, and traditional clone library methods that target the dissimilatory sulfite reductase subunit gene (), which encodes a key enzyme in the sulfate reduction pathway, were used to compare the differences in SRP community characteristics.

[Distribution Characteristics of Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Bacteria in Sediments from the Adjacent Seas of Yangtze Estuary].

Marine nitrogen cycle is of great significance to maintain the marine ecological balance. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) process driven by anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is an important way of promoting the marine nitrogen removal. In this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR), combining with environmental factors analysis, were used to study the distribution of ANAMMOX bacteria in the sediments from Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters in summer, 2011.

[Distribution of Aerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Sediments from Adjacent Waters of Rushan Bay].

Nitrogen cycle is a key process in material circulation of marine ecosystem, which plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance. The ammonia oxidation process promoted by aerobic ammonia-oxidizing microorganism (AOM) is a rate-limiting step of nitrification. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR ), along with the determination of potential nitrification rates (PNR) was carried out in this study to understand the distribution of AOM in sediments of adjacent waters of Rushan Bay in August, 2014.

[Molecular identification and detection of moon jellyfish (Aurelia sp.) based on partial sequencing of mitochondrial 16S rDNA and COI].

Taking the moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. commonly found in our coastal sea areas as test object, its genome DNA was extracted, the partial sequences of mt-16S rDNA (650 bp) and mt-COI (709 bp) were PCR-amplified, and, after purification, cloning, and sequencing, the sequences obtained were BLASTn-analyzed. The sequences of greater difference with those of the other jellyfish were chosen, and eight specific primers for the mt-16S rDNA and mt-COI of Aurelia sp.

[Optimization of real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR system in detecting cytochrome b gene of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu].

To quantitatively detect the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu in the filed samples, a specific primer was designed, and the quantities of the RNA templates added into the reaction system for reverse transcription as well as the reaction conditions of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR) were optimized. The results illustrated that the designed primer had good specificity, being able to be used to differentiate different algal species effectively. In detecting the filed samples, the suitable qualities of the templates for the 20 microL reverse transcription system were 50-200 ng.

[Research advances in the effects of environmental factors on the growth and development of Aurelia spp].

Aurelia spp. is a cosmopolitan coastal species, and also, one dominant species of large jellyfish in the coastal waters of China. In recent years, Aurelia spp.

[Detection of Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller with the electrochemiluminescence-molecular probe].

In this study, the electrochemiluminescence-molecular probe (ECL-MP) was established based on the sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay (NPA-SH) improved by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). It can be used for detecting Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller qualitatively and quantitatively. NPA probes of P.

[Construction of electrochemiluminescence system for harmful algae detection].

To develop a new technique, Electrochemiluminescence-Molecular Probe (ECL-MP), for harmful algae detection, a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection system was set up based on the principle of ECL and related literature. The optimization tests were carried out, including the impact of voltage and current, the concentration of tripropylamine (TPrA) and the pH of phosphate buffer (PBS). The determination limit of Ru (bpy)3Cl2 x 6H2O was 10(-11) mol x L(-1) and the detection range was from 10(-9) - 10(-5) mol x L(-1) as well as the detection amount of substance was in the range from 0.

[Effect of the first water-sediment regulation on the variations of dissolved inorganic nutrients' concentrations and fluxes in the lower main channel of the Yellow River].

The variations and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nutrients were studied, based on continuously monitored data in the lower main channel of Yellow River (Lijin) during the period of water-sediment regulation in July 2002. Concentrations rang from 169.3 to 273.

[Distributions of dissolved inorganic mercury in the lower part of the Three Gorges Reservoir].

One year after the first filling stage of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR), dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(DI)) was measured in August 2004. Concentration of Hg(DI) varied from undetection to 82.6 ng x L(-1) with average of 22.