5-(3-(-(Carboxymethyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonamido)phenyl)-1-ethyl-1-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid as a Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury treatment.

The Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-Associating Protein 1)-Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2)-ARE (Antioxidant Response Element) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the oxidative stress response and has been linked to the development and progression of various diseases. Its influence on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has garnered significant attention. In our study, we investigated the effect of compound 2, a non-covalent inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction, which was previously discovered by our research group.

Aerosol light absorption alleviates particulate pollution during wintertime haze events.

Aerosol light absorption has been widely considered as a contributing factor to the worsening of particulate pollution in large urban areas, primarily through its role in stabilizing the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Here, we report that absorption-dominated aerosol-radiation interaction can decrease near-surface fine particulate matter concentrations ([PM]) at a large-scale during wintertime haze events. A "warm bubble" effect by the significant heating rate of absorbing aerosols above the PBL top generates a secondary circulation, enhancing the upward motion (downward motion) and the convergence (divergence) in polluted (relatively clean) areas, with a net effect of lowering near-surface [PM].

Ultra-rapid detection of nuclear protein of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus by colloidal gold immunochromatography assay.

In 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), also known as the (DBV), was first discovered in Henan, China. It is a tick-borne zoonotic virus with a fatality rate ranging from 6% to 30%. Currently, we lack safe and effective vaccines or antiviral drugs to treat SFTSV infection.

Discovery of novel 5-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids as Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors for acute lung injury treatment.

Oxidative stress is intricately linked to acute lung injury (ALI) and cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-Associating protein 1)-Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)-ARE (antioxidant response element) signaling pathway, recognized as a crucial regulatory mechanism in oxidative stress, holds immense potential for the treatment of both diseases. In our laboratory, we initially screened a compound library and identified compound 3, which exhibited a dissociation constant of 5090 nM for Keap1.

Obinutuzumab as Initial or Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Primary Membranous Nephropathy.

Introduction: B-cell lymphocytes have been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathogenesis underlying membranous nephropathy (MN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Obinutuzumab, a glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in individuals with MN.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 59 consecutive patients with primary MN who provided consent to receive Obinutuzumab and were followed for at least 6 months.

Urgency of controlling agricultural nitrogen sources to alleviate summertime air pollution in the North China Plain.

Agricultural nitrogen sources (ANS) have played an increasingly important role in the air quality since ANS emission controls are much weaker than those for fossil fuel combustion sources due to the increasing food demand. However, ANS emissions are highly uncertain due to stochastic agricultural management activities and limited field measurements, and impacts of ANS on the air quality remain elusive. In the study, the WRF-Chem model has been used to investigate ANS shares in near surface air pollutant concentrations during a growing season in the North China Plain (NCP), with ANS emissions constrained by satellite retrievals.

The relationship between the intensified heat waves and deteriorated summertime ozone pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China, during 2013-2017.

Summertime ozone (O) pollution has frequently occurred in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, China, since 2013, resulting in detrimental impacts on human health and ecosystems. The contribution of weather shifts to O concentration variability owing to climate change remains elusive. By combining regional air chemistry model simulations with near-surface observations, we found that anthropogenic emission changes contributed to approximately 23% of the increase in maximum daily 8-h average O concentrations in the BTH region in June-July-August (JJA) 2017 (compared with that in 2013).

Why is the air humid during wintertime heavy haze days in Beijing?

Atmospheric humidity has been shown to promote haze formation, but it remains unclear why the air is humid during heavy haze days in winter. Here we combine water vapor isotope measurements with WRF-Chem simulations to elucidate increasing humidity with aggravation of haze during wintertime in urban Beijing. The vapor isotopic analysis in Beijing shows that the combustion-derived water (CDW) constitutes 11.

Heterogeneous HONO formation deteriorates the wintertime particulate pollution in the Guanzhong Basin, China.

Despite implementation of strict emission mitigation measures since 2013, heavy haze with high levels of secondary aerosols still frequently engulfs the Guanzhong Basin (GZB), China, during wintertime, remarkably impairing visibility and potentially causing severe health issues. Although the observed low ozone (O) concentrations do not facilitate the photochemical formation of secondary aerosols, the measured high nitrous acid (HONO) level provides an alternate pathway in the GZB. The impact of heterogeneous HONO sources on the wintertime particulate pollution and atmospheric oxidizing capability (AOC) is evaluated in the GZB.

Effects of hydroperoxy radical heterogeneous loss on the summertime ozone formation in the North China Plain.

Hydroperoxy radical (HO) is a crucial oxidant participating in the oxidation of nitrogen oxide to nitrogen dioxide which constitutes one of the most important pathways for the ozone (O) photochemical formation in the troposphere. Laboratory experiments and field observations have revealed efficient HO heterogeneous uptake on wet aerosols, but its impact on the O formation remains controversial. A severe and persistent O pollution episode has been simulated using the WRF-Chem model to evaluate the impacts of the HO heterogeneous loss on the O formation in the North China Plain (NCP) during the summertime of 2018.

Cropland nitrogen dioxide emissions and effects on the ozone pollution in the North China plain.

Soil nitrogen dioxide (NO = NO + NO) emissions have been measured and estimated to be the second most significant contributor to the NO burden following the fossil fuel combustion source globally. NO emissions from croplands are subject to being underestimated or overlooked in air pollution simulations of regional atmospheric chemistry models. With constraints of ground and space observations of NO, the WRF-Chem model is used to investigate the cropland NO emission and its contribution to the near-surface ozone (O) pollution in North China Plain (NCP) during a growing season as a case study.

Local and transboundary transport contributions to the wintertime particulate pollution in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB), China: A case study.

Heavy haze with high levels of fine particulate matters (PM) frequently engulfs the Guanzhong Basin (GZB) in northwestern China during wintertime. Although it is an enclosed basin with a narrow opening to the east, prevailing easterly winds during heavy haze episodes have a large potential to bring air pollutants to the GZB from the two highly polluted neighboring provinces of Shanxi and Henan (SX&HN). The source-oriented WRF-Chem model simulations of a persistent and heavy haze episode that occurred in the GZB from December 6 to 21, 2016, reveal that local emissions dominate PM concentrations in the GZB, with an average near-surface PM contribution of about 56.

Role and mechanism of action of circular RNA and laryngeal cancer.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), is the second most common malignant cancer of the head and neck after oral cavity cancer. Laryngeal cancer is associated with huge socio-economic burden worldwide. Studies have widely explored the role of non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.

Growth Inhibition of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Mediated by p53 Gene-Containing Nanolipid Composites.

To study the growth inhibition and cell cycle changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE1) cells after transfection with p53 gene. A mixture of nano-liposomes and plasmid containing p53 was used for transfecting CNE1 cells. Cellular apoptosis was examined after transfection using the CCK-8 reagent method with flow cytometry.

Aerosol-photolysis interaction reduces particulate matter during wintertime haze events.

Aerosol-radiation interaction (ARI) plays a significant role in the accumulation of fine particulate matter (PM) by stabilizing the planetary boundary layer and thus deteriorating air quality during haze events. However, modification of photolysis by aerosol scattering or absorbing solar radiation (aerosol-photolysis interaction or API) alters the atmospheric oxidizing capacity, decreases the rate of secondary aerosol formation, and ultimately alleviates the ARI effect on PM pollution. Therefore, the synergetic effect of both ARI and API can either aggravate or even mitigate PM pollution.

Impact of synoptic patterns and meteorological elements on the wintertime haze in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China from 2013 to 2017.

Meteorological conditions play a key role in formation of air pollution, determining dispersion or accumulation of air pollutants. Aggressive emission mitigation measures have been taken recently in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH), China, but pervasive and persistent haze still frequently engulfs this region during wintertime. Occurrence frequency of unfavorable meteorological conditions in winter is anticipated to constitute a significantly important factor in driving the heavy haze formation in BTH.

Brown Carbon Aerosol in Urban Xi'an, Northwest China: The Composition and Light Absorption Properties.

Light-absorbing organic carbon (i.e., brown carbon or BrC) in the atmospheric aerosol has significant contribution to light absorption and radiative forcing.

NFAT-1 hyper-activation by methionine enkephalin (MENK) significantly induces cell apoptosis of rats C6 glioma in vivo and in vitro.

The aim of the work was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of MENK on the growth of rat C6 glioma in vivo or in vitro. Our findings showed that MENK could inhibit the growth of rat C6 glioma, prolong median survival times in tumor-bearing rats, and induce glioma cell apoptosis. Moreover, MENK could increase the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9.

The transfer of natural Rhodamine B contamination from raw paprika fruit to capsicum oleoresin during the extraction process.

Occurrence of Rhodamine B (RhB) contamination in paprika caused by agricultural materials during the vegetation process has been reported. It may transfer during the process of active compounds extraction, and eventually exist in final products. Herein, the re-distribution of RhB during the extraction process was assessed in terms of RhB contents, as well as mass, color value and capsaicinoids yield of each process.

Lithium enhances the antitumour effect of temozolomide against TP53 wild-type glioblastoma cells via NFAT1/FasL signalling.

Background: We previously showed that activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)1/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway induces glioma cell death. Lithium (Li) is an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 that activates NFAT1/FasL signalling. Temozolomide (TMZ) inhibits GSK-3 and activates Fas in tumour protein (TP)53 wild-type (TP53wt) glioma cells.

Impact of the 2015 El Nino event on winter air quality in China.

During the winter of 2015, there was a strong El Nino (ENSO) event, resulting in significant anomalies for meteorological conditions in China. Analysis shows that the meteorological conditions in December 2015 (compared to December 2014) had several important anomalies, including the following: (1) the surface southeasterly winds were significantly enhanced in the North China Plain (NCP); (2) the precipitation was increased in the south of eastern China; and (3) the wind speeds were decreased in the middle-north of eastern China, while slightly increased in the south of eastern China. These meteorological anomalies produced important impacts on the aerosol pollution in eastern China.

Occurrence of Sudan I in paprika fruits caused by agricultural environmental contamination.

Current research has demonstrated the presence of sub parts per billion levels of Sudan dye in paprika fruits during the vegetation process, which is difficult to understand on the basis of the conventional concept of cross-contamination or malicious addition. Detailed surveys on Sudan dyes I-IV in paprika fruits, soils, and agronomic materials used from seven fields of Xinjiang (China) were conducted to investigate the natural contamination. Results revealed that Sudan dyes II-IV were never detected and that Sudan I existed in almost all samples except for the mulching film and irrigation water.

Frontobasal interhemispheric approach for large superasellar craniopharyngiomas: do the benefits outweigh the risks?

Objective: Large suprasellar craniopharyngiomas are surgically challenging. The aim of our study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy of the frontobasal interhemispheric approach for these lesions.

Methods: Twenty-nine consecutive adult patients with large suprasellar craniopharyngiomas (diameter >4 cm) who underwent the frontobasal interhemispheric approach were retrospectively evaluated.

PMA and ionomycin induce glioblastoma cell death: activation-induced cell-death-like phenomena occur in glioma cells.

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (Io) can induce T cell activation and proliferation. Furthermore, they stimulate activation-induced cell death (AICD) in mature lymphocytes via Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) up-regulation. In this study, we explored the influence of PMA/Io treatment on glioblastoma cells, and found that AICD-like phenomena may also occur in glioma.