Stress and Salivary Glands.

Salivary glands produce a bicarbonate-rich fluid containing digestive and protective proteins and other components to be delivered into the gastrointestinal tract. Its function is under strict control of the autonomic nervous system. Salivary electrolyte and fluid secretion are primarily controlled by parasympathetic activity, while protein secretion is primaily triggered by sympathetic stimulation.

Alteration of consciousness via diverse photo-acoustic stimulatory patterns. Phenomenology and effect on salivary flow rate, alpha-amylase and total protein levels.

Long-term photo-acoustic stimulation is used for the induction of altered states of consciousness for both therapeutic and experimental purposes. Long-term photo-acoustic stimulation also leads to changes in the composition of saliva which have a key contribution to the efficiency of this technique in easing mucosal symptoms of oral psychosomatic patients. The aim of this study is to find out whether there is any cumulative effect of repeated stimulation and whether there are any detectable differences between diverse stimulatory patterns of long lasting photo-acoustic stimulation on the phenomenology of the appearing trance state and on salivary secretion.

Molecular mechanisms of taste recognition: considerations about the role of saliva.

The gustatory system plays a critical role in determining food preferences and food intake, in addition to nutritive, energy and electrolyte balance. Fine tuning of the gustatory system is also crucial in this respect. The exact mechanisms that fine tune taste sensitivity are as of yet poorly defined, but it is clear that various effects of saliva on taste recognition are also involved.

Salivary defense proteins: their network and role in innate and acquired oral immunity.

There are numerous defense proteins present in the saliva. Although some of these molecules are present in rather low concentrations, their effects are additive and/or synergistic, resulting in an efficient molecular defense network of the oral cavity. Moreover, local concentrations of these proteins near the mucosal surfaces (mucosal transudate), periodontal sulcus (gingival crevicular fluid) and oral wounds and ulcers (transudate) may be much greater, and in many cases reinforced by immune and/or inflammatory reactions of the oral mucosa.

[Dental fear and anxiety scores of a Hungarian population living in the Hungarian-Slovakian border region. A pilot study].

The aim of the authors was to investigate whether living as a minority has an influence on the dental fear and anxiety values. In this study 201 volunteers (n = 201, inside border Hungarians 144, outside border Hungarians 57, male 90, female 111; age 8 to 83 years, mean 44 +/- 16 yrs.) were investigated.

[Restoration of profound tooth damage caused by intrinsic erosion, with porcelain crowns. A case report].

In the presented case extensive tooth damage has been caused by an eating disorder (bulimia nervosa coupled with frequent vomiting). Although the patient's premised disorder has been treated successfully, palatal and occlusal surfaces of the upper teeth were profoundly damaged due to previous acidic erosion. There was also a significant hypersensitivity of upper teeth, and the patient was dissatisfied with the aesthetics of the upper teeth as well.

[Effect of being disabled, dental fear and anxiety on drawings].

Aim: To investigate if there is an influence of being a disabled people (with disturbed body-image), dental fear and anxiety on several form/shape parameters of drawings.

Subjects: Disabled (46) and healthy (33) volunteers (n = 79; male 39, female 40; age: 18.16 +/- 3.

Spondyloarthropathies and bone resorption: a possible role of heat shock protein (Hsp70).

Spondyloarthropathies consist of chronic inflammatory disorders genetically linked with each other through HLA-B27 molecules, and are connected with the destruction of periarticular bone and also with systemic bone loss in many cases. Expected molecular mechanisms behind these conditions overlap the functions of Hsp70s, a group of major molecular chaperones and cytokines. Hsp70s may control disease progression via inhibition of unfolded HLA-B27 protein accumulation and alteration of ER stress signaling.

Attitude toward death: does it influence dental fear?

The possible influence of fear of death and attitude toward death were studied related to dental anxiety in Hungarian elementary and secondary school subjects (n = 277; 114 males, 163 females; age between 8 and 18 years). Dental fear and anxiety scores were DAS: 10.8 +/- 3.

Potential immunological functions of salivary Hsp70 in mucosal and periodontal defense mechanisms.

Molecular chaperones were considered to be intracellular, but there is increasing evidence demonstrating their cytoprotective and immune modulator properties outside the cell. The major extracellular chaperone (Hsp70) was also found in saliva, indicating a possible effect of Hsp70 on mucosal surfaces. Here we summarize the immune-modulatory role of the 70-kDa stress protein family, with special attention on the potential impact of salivary Hsp70 on oral defense mechanisms.

[Initial analysis of tooth drawings of 8-18 years old schoolchildren from normal population].

The connection between unconscious subjects and psycho-somatic manifestation is well known in the literature. Although more and more data is known about this connection related to the oro-facial region as well, investigation of this interesting problem is still has theoretical and clinical relevance. To collect more data about this field, 257 of tooth drawings of 8-18 years old schoolchildren from normal population were studied as a pilot to establish further investigations related to drawing-projections in connection with the oro-facial region.

[Lexicologic parameters of free association (coupling) about teeth of Hungarian primary school children. An initial study].

Free association (coupling) of 97 Hungarian primary school children (age: 8-15 yrs, 44 male, 53 female) about their teeth was collected and analysed related to lexicologic parameters, as a pilot to establish further investigations. In some cases significant (p < or = 0.05) differences within the groups related to several topics were detected in the case of the length of the text and in the case of the distribution of etymons (root of word).

[Dental fear scores of 12-19-year-old school children of the Hungarian minority in Transylvania].

In this study 549 school children of the Hungarian minority in Transylvania were investigated (n=549, 342 female, 207 male, age between: 12-19 years). Mean dental fear scores were high: DAS: 12.6 +/- 3.

[Psychology and psychosomatics of the orthodontic treatment].

Psychosomatic problems related to orthodontic treatment are a special group of oral psychosomatic disorders. The most frequent complaints are related to aesthetics and occlusion. Most of the patients are children, adolescence or young adults, with special emotional problems.

[Pastoral psychology, spiritual counseling in dentistry. Review of the literature].

Although there were drastic changes in the XX-th century, still 70% of the Hungarian population believe in God, and 10-15% can be counted as active believer. A percentage of 44% of the hospitalised patients indicated a need of pastoral counseling during the treatment time. In the field of psychiatry and psychotherapy the percentage of the need of religious care (pastoral psychology, pastoral counseling) may be even higher.

[Background data about the dental fear scores of Hungarian secondary school students].

Free association (coupling) of 139 Hungarian secondary school students (90 females, 49 males, age between 14-18 yr.) about their teeth was collected. Dental fear (DAS, DFS) and general anxiety scores were measured.

[The role of saliva in the oral defence mechanisms].

Saliva plays an important role in oral health, regulating and maintaining the integrity of the oral hard tissues and soft tissues. This paper reviews the role of saliva in the oral defence mechanisms. The most important salivary immune and non-immune defence proteins and constituents that take part in the pellicle formation and re-mineralisation processes are introduced.

[Effectiveness of psychotherapy in the treatment of denture intolerance. Evaluation of 25 cases].

25 "problem-patients" of the Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry participated in this study (21 female, 4 male, aged between 32-81 yr.; mean age: 56.92+/-12.

[Background data about the high dental fear scores of Hungarian 8-15-year-old primary school children].

Free associations (coupling) of 139 Hungarian primary school children about their teeth was collected. Dental fear (DAS, DFS) and general anxiety scores were measured. Typical dental events (i.

[Some background data about the high dental anxiety of the Hungarian population].

100 dental patients waiting for hypnotic dental treatment (n = 100, 58 female, 42 male, mean age: 36.4 +/- 10.6 yr.

[The role of sexual trauma as a cause of orofacial symptoms. Case report].

Authors describe a 58-sitting psychotherapy of a 46-year-old female patient with psychogenic atypical facial pain. Sexual trauma in the childhood was found as a cause of the psychogenic pain symptoms, leading to series of unnecessary extraction of teeth in this case. Psychotherapeutic treatment led to the recovery of the somatic symptoms, and a moderate improvement of the behaviour related to men of this patient.

Photo-acoustic stimulation increases the amount of 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) in human whole saliva. A pilot study.

Long-term photo-acoustic stimulation leads to changes in the composition of saliva, which may have a key contribution to the effectivity of this technique in easing mucosal symptoms of psychosomatic patients. In the present study a significant (P View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[Epidemiological study of dental fear scores in several Hungarian sub-populations].

Authors investigated the dental fear scores (DAS, DFS) and anxieties of 362 persons from several sub-populations living in Budapest. The subjects were: 253 females, 109 males, aged 14 to 73. Dental fear scores were rather high (DAS: 11.

[The Hungarian version of the "Dental Beliefs Survey (DBS)--preliminary data in the Hungarian population].

The Hungarian version of DBS was analysed on 100 participants (64 females, 36 males, mean age: 36.4 +/- 14.3) from 5 subgroups: dental students (n = 20), other intellectuals (n = 20), dental nurses (n = 19), dental patients (n = 20), family doctor's patients (n = 21).

[Effects of photo-acoustic stimulation combined with hypnotherapy on saliva secretion. A pilot study].

Effect of photo-acoustic stimulation on the flow rate and protein concentration of whole saliva was investigated. 10 medical students' and 11 edentulous patients' salivary volume and protein concentrations were measured before, during, and after stimulation. The flow rate of the students' group was significantly higher (p < or = 0.