Dextromethorphan and memantine after ketamine analgesia: a randomized control trial.

Purpose: Intravenous ketamine is often prescribed in severe neuropathic pain. Oral -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists might prolong pain relief, reducing the frequency of ketamine infusions and hospital admissions. This clinical trial aimed at assessing whether oral dextromethorphan or memantine might prolong pain relief after intravenous ketamine.

Dual Site Pudendal Nerve Infiltration: More than Just a Diagnostic Test?

Background: Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is a very painful and often disabling condition in which pudendal nerve blocks play an important role in both the diagnosis and management of PN. Some previous reports have advocated the use of pudendal nerve infiltration (PNI) as a diagnostic test only.

Objective: We aim to assess the outcomes of patients with typical refractory PN who underwent dual site computed tomography (CT)-guided pudendal nerve infiltration.

Localized neuropathic pain: an expert consensus on local treatments.

Background: Pain localization is one of the hallmarks for the choice of first-line treatment in neuropathic pain. This literature review has been conducted to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of localized neuropathic pain (LNP), its assessment and the existing topical pharmacological treatments.

Materials And Methods: Literature review was performed using Medline from 2010 to December 2016, and all studies involving LNP and treatments were examined.

Rationale and design of a multicenter randomized clinical trial with memantine and dextromethorphan in ketamine-responder patients.

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor plays an important role in central sensitization of neuropathic pain and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, memantine and dextromethorphan may be used for persistent pain. However, ketamine cannot be repeated too often because of its adverse events. A drug relay would be helpful in the outpatient to postpone or even cancel the next ketamine infusion.

Analgesic effects of microwave ablation of bone and soft tissue tumors under local anesthesia.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) of painful refractory bone and soft tissue tumors performed under local anesthesia.

Study Design: A retrospective study between 2011 and 2013.

Setting: A single center, Academic Interventional Pain Management Unit.

Radiofrequency neurolysis versus local nerve infiltration in 42 patients with refractory chronic inguinal neuralgia.

Background: Chronic inguinal neuralgia involving ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves is a frequent complication of surgical procedures involving a lower abdominal incision such as hernia repair, appendicitis surgery, or cesarean sections. Chronic inguinal neuralgia is a very painful condition and diagnosis can be challenging as it is an overlooked impairment. Existing specific treatments are inefficient and often fail.

[Cognitive disorders and falls: experience of the Lille multidisciplinary falls service].

Background: Falls and dementia are two major public health problems which concern the elderly population. Cognitive impairment, as a result of Alzheimer's disease or non-Alzheimer dementia, is recognized as a risk factor for falling. Through the experience of the Multidisciplinary Falls Consultation, our aims were first, to evaluate the prevalence of a cognitive decline among outpatients who consult for falls, and second, to determine whether the cognitive impairment was known and diagnosed before the consultation or not.

[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: diagnostic contribution of magnetic resonance imaging].

Data regarding the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) are scarce. WKS usually combines a cerebellar syndrome, oculomotor disorder and confusion. The aim of this study was to determine more precisely the clinical presentation of WKS and the frequency and topography of MRI abnormalities.

Cyclosporins: structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of the human FPR1 formylpeptide receptor.

The human formylpeptide receptor (FPR) is a seven-transmembranous G-protein-coupled receptor (7TM-GPCR) for chemotactic peptides of bacterial origins, possibly involved in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils in various inflammatory diseases of mucosal epithelia. Mutational analyses suggest that interactions of formylated peptides with FPR occur on the outer exoplasmic leaflet/domains of the plasma membrane. The immunosuppressive and antifungal antibiotic cyclic undecapeptide cyclosporin A (CsA; cyclo-[MeBmt(1)-Abu(2)-MeGly(3)-MeLeu(4)-Val(5)-MeLeu(6)-Ala(7)-D-Ala(8)-MeLeu(9)-MeLeu(10)-MeVal(11)]) and some tested analogues such as [Ala(2)]-CsA, [Thr(2)]-CsA, [Val(2)]-CsA, and [Nva(2)]-CsA were able of inhibiting the binding of formylpeptides to the FPR, with [D-MeVal(11)]-CsA (CsH) being much more active than the other analogues.

Cyclosporins: structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of the human MDR1 P-glycoprotein ABC transporter.

Cyclic undecapeptide cyclo-[MeBmt(1)-Abu(2)-MeGly(3)-MeLeu(4)-Val(5)-MeLeu(6)-Ala(7)-D-Ala(8)-MeLeu(9)-MeLeu(10)-MeVal(11)], the immunosuppressive and antifungal antibiotic cyclosporin A (CsA), was reported to interfere with the MDR1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transmembranous adenosine 5'-triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporter with phospholipid flippase or "hydrophobic vacuum cleaner" properties that mediate multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. By use of photoaffinity-labeled cyclosporins and membranes from Pgp-expressing cells, it was recently shown that in vitro, Pgp molecules could bind a large cyclosporin domain involving residues 4-9 as well as the side chain of residue 1. Tumor cell MDR can also be reversed by a product more distantly related to cyclosporin with the structure [Thr(2), Leu(5), D-Hiv(8), Leu(10)]-CsA (SDZ 214-103).

[Candida albicans meningoencephalomyeloradiculitis].

A 25-year-old immunocompetent male heroin addict was admitted for acute confusion associated with gait disorders of three month duration. The diagnosis was meningoencephalomyeloradiculitis secondary to Candida albicans infection. Outcome was good after a 6-month regimen with antifungal drugs.

The potent immunosuppressive cyclosporin FR901459 inhibits the human P-glycoprotein and formyl peptide receptor functions.

By sequestering cytosolic calcineurin into a molecular complex with cyclophilin and its consequent T-cell dysfunction, some cyclosporins, such as CsA and FR901459 ([Thr2-Leu5-Leu10]-CsA), display potent immunosuppressive activity. Independently on this property, cyclosporins may display one or more other biological activities mediated by interaction with cell surface glycoproteins. Several cyclosporins inhibit the function of human MDRI-encoded P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a flippase known to cause cancer multidrug resistance, but also expressed by some normal immunocompetent cells and by normal epithelial cells which control drug bioavailability in vivo.

Aureobasidins: structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of the human MDR1 P-glycoprotein ABC-transporter.

Cyclic depsipeptide cyclo-[D-Hmp(1)-L-MeVal(2)-L-Phe(3)-L-MePhe(4)-L-Pro(5)-L-aIle+ ++(6)-L-MeVal(7)-L-Leu(8)-L-betaHOMeVal(9)], the antifungal antibiotic aureobasidin A (AbA), was reported to interfere with ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in yeast and mammalian cells, particularly the MDR1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transmembrane phospholipid flippase or "hydrophobic vacuum cleaner" that mediates multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. In a standardized assay that measures Pgp function by the Pgp-mediated efflux of the calcein-AM Pgp substrate and uses human lymphoblastoid MDR-CEM (VBL(100)) cells as highly resistant Pgp-expressing cells and the cyclic undecapeptide cyclosporin A (CsA) as a reference MDR-reversing agent (IC(50) of 3.4 microM), AbA was found to be a more active Pgp inhibitor (IC(50) of 2.

[Right subclavian catheterization. Misplaced insertion into the subclavian artery and the ascending aorta].

The accidental subclavian artery puncture is usually obvious. We report a case of unrecognized arterial catheterisation. The catheter had been inserted during anaesthesia after return of dark and non pulsatile blood, and not controlled by a chest radiograph.

The MultiScreen filtration system to measure chemoattractant-induced release of leukocyte granule enzymes by differentiated HL-60 cells or normal human monocytes.

A variety of chemoattractants initiate chemotaxis by selective binding to chemoattractant receptors (CARs), a subfamily of seven transmembranous G-protein coupled receptors (7TM-GPCRs) expressed in the leukocyte plasma membrane. Whatever the chemoattractant, signaling leading to chemotaxis involves several common biological steps which occur within seconds to minutes of CAR ligand binding. Though each step can be used to study the progress of the chemotaxis activation process.

Ranking of P-glycoprotein substrates and inhibitors by a calcein-AM fluorometry screening assay.

In order to compare the capacities of a variety of compounds to interfere with P-glycoprotein (Pgp) function, a novel assay was set up to work on a large screening scale. The model assay measures the capacity of parental sensitive (Par) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells to efflux a small fixed amount of acetoxymethyl calcein (calcein-AM) after their pretreatment with concentration ranges of known Pgp modulators. This microplate cytometry-based assay was performed with two different pairs of cell lines, the human lymphocytic leukemia CEM cells and the murine monocytic leukemia P388 cells.

Detection of P-glycoprotein expression by tumoral cells with NBDL-CsA, a fluorescent derivative of cyclosporin A.

The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) molecules which are expressed on multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells efflux a variety of anti-cancer drugs, such as doxorubicin. Though first described as an inhibitor of P-gp function, cyclosporin A (CsA) was more recently shown to behave as a substrate of the P-gp pump. The retention of [3H]CsA was reduced in MDR cells of the human leukemic CEM cell subline, in comparison with the drug-sensitive parental (Par) subline.

Influence of the lpr environment on the lymph node cell phenotypes in C57BL/6 nubg and nulpr chimeras.

Mice homozygous for the lpr gene show a marked lymphoproliferative syndrome. Most T cells which accumulate in their lymphoid organs belong to a fairly unusual subpopulation. Although being CD44+ T cells expressing neither CD4 nor CD8, they are CD3 T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta positive and express both Thy-1 and B220, the B-cell form of the CD45 marker.