Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone enhances the generation of B cells but does not affect their colonization in peripheral immune organs in male rats.

Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) affects the immune system by inhibiting testosterone production. Our previous study investigated the effects of GnRH immunization on thymic T-cell generation, migration, and colonization in peripheral immune organs. However, the mechanisms by which GnRH immunization influences B cell generation and the characteristics of B cell colonization in peripheral immune organs remain unclear.

GnRH Immunocastration in Male Xizang Sheep: Impacts on Rumen Microbiome and Metabolite Profiles for Enhanced Health and Productivity.

Castration is a prevalent and indispensable practice in sheep husbandry, aiding in enhancing meat quality, mitigating aggressive behavior, and managing unwanted reproduction. Nevertheless, the conventional surgical castration procedure poses several challenges, including heightened stress and pain, detrimental impacts on animal welfare, and diminished economic efficacy in farming operations. Consequently, immunocastration methods, serving as substitutes for surgical castration, are progressively finding application in livestock.

Effects of microbiota-testis interactions on the reproductive health of male ruminants: A review.

Ruminants are one of the world's economically important species, and their reproductive health is critical to the economic development of the livestock industry. In recent years, research on the relationship between microbiota and reproductive health has received much attention. Microbiota disruption affects the developmental health of the testes and epididymis, the male reproductive organs of the host, which in turn is related to sperm quality.

Castration reshapes the liver by altering fatty acid composition and metabolism in male mice.

Castration promotes subcutaneous fat deposition that may be associated with metabolic adaptations in the liver. However, fatty acid composition, abundance, and metabolic characteristics of the liver after castration are not fully understood. Our results showed that surgical castration significantly reduced water and food intake, reduced liver weight, and induced liver inflammation in mice.

Testosterone regulates thymic remodeling by activating glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway to accelerate thymocyte apoptosis in male rats.

Thymic atrophy affects T cell generation and migration to the periphery, thereby affecting T cell pool diversity. However, the mechanisms underlying thymic atrophy have not been fully elucidated. Here, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunization and surgical castration did not affect thymocyte proliferation, but significantly reduced the apoptosis and increased the survival rate of CD4CD8, CD4CD8, CD4CD8, and CD4CD8 thymocytes.

The walnut-derived peptide TW-7 improves mouse parthenogenetic embryo development of vitrified MII oocytes potentially by promoting histone lactylation.

Background: Previous studies have shown that the vitrification of metaphase II (MII) oocytes significantly represses their developmental potential. Abnormally increased oxidative stress is the probable factor; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The walnut-derived peptide TW-7 was initially isolated and purified from walnut protein hydrolysate.

Coping with extremes: the rumen transcriptome and microbiome co-regulate plateau adaptability of Xizang goat.

The interactions between the rumen microbiota and the host are crucial for the digestive and absorptive processes of ruminants, and they are heavily influenced by the climatic conditions of their habitat. Owing to the harsh conditions of the high-altitude habitat, little is known about how ruminants regulate the host transcriptome and the composition of their rumen microbiota. Using the model species of goats, we examined the variations in the rumen microbiota, transcriptome regulation, and climate of the environment between high altitude (Lhasa, Xizang; 3650 m) and low altitude (Chengdu, Sichuan, China; 500 m) goats.

Testosterone regulates thymic remodeling by altering metabolic reprogramming in male rats.

The thymus is an energy-consuming organ, and its metabolism changes with atrophy. Testosterone regulates thymus remodeling (atrophy and regeneration). However, the characteristics of the energy metabolism during testosterone-mediated thymic atrophy and regeneration remain unclear.

Sulforaphane reduces adipose tissue fibrosis via promoting M2 macrophages polarization in HFD fed-mice.

Adipose tissue fibrosis has been identified as a novel contributor to the pathomechanism of obesity associated metabolic disorders. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been shown to have an anti-obesity effect. However, the impact of SFN on adipose tissue fibrosis is still not well understood.

Comparative Analysis of the Pre-Parturition and Post-Parturition Genital Tract Microbiota in Plateau Bangor Sewa Sheep.

(1) Background: Bangor Sewa sheep are an economically significant livestock species on the plateau. The roles of microbiota in reproduction are complex and critical for animal health. But little is known currently about the microbiome of plateau Bangor Sewa sheep.

Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone affects thymic T cell production, migration, and colonization in male rat lymphoid tissue.

Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibits animal reproduction and has become a friendly alternative to surgical castration, which has been reported to affect the proportion of thymic T cell subpopulations. The effects of active immunization against GnRH on T cell migration from the thymus to the periphery and T cell distribution in lymphoid tissues remain unclear. Here, we showed that active immunization against GnRH increased thymic size and weight, enlarged the number of thymocytes, and enhanced CD4 recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) and CD8 RTEs migration to the blood and spleen.

The role of GnRH in Tibetan male sheep and goat reproduction.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis connects the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads. The regulation of reproductive processes includes integrating various factors from structural functions and environmental conditions in the HPG axis, with the outcome indication of these processes being the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. These factors include feed consumption and nutritional condition, sex steroids, season/photoperiod, pheromones, age, and stress.

Polymorphisms Analysis of , and in Tibetan Cashmere Goat ().

The Tibetan cashmere goat is a prolific goat breed in China. In sheep breeds, natural mutations have demonstrated that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) super family ligands, such as growth differentiation factor 9 (), bone morphogenetic protein 15 () and their type I receptor (bone morphogenetic protein receptor (), are essential for ovulation and increasing litter size. In this study, 216 female Tibetan cashmere goats were sampled, and candidate genes with fecundity traits were detected via restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequenced.

Complete mitochondrial genomes reveal the phylogenetic relationships of Duoma with eight representative sheep breeds and two ovis species.

The Duoma breed is one of the most important alpine grassland-type sheep breeds in China. In this current study, we first reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Duoma sheep. Mitochondrial genome is 16,618 bp in length and exhibits the same typical structure as the other published sheep breeds.

Polymorphisms and mRNA Expression Levels of , and in Tibetan Cashmere Goats.

The Tibetan cashmere goat is a precious breed in China and its cashmere is widely used in clothing and textiles. The genes , , and have been shown to be crucial regulators of cashmere growth. In this study, we examined mRNA expression levels of these three genes and detected , , and SNP loci in the Tibetan cashmere goat.

Mild infection induced by low-dose LPS does not impair follicular development and is beneficial to pregnancy in mice.

The reproductive tract is susceptible to infection by a variety of bacteria, which can impair ovarian and uterine function. However, there is little known about whether mild infection can harm follicle development and embryo implantation. Here our results showed that the immune response to a mild infection simulated by low-dose LPS induced inflammatory factor IL-1b expression and decreased MMP2 expression involved in embryo implantation.

The microbial communities and natural fermentation quality of ensiling oat ( L.) harvest from different elevations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Introduction: Ensiling whole-crop oat ( L.) has attracted a growing interest in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study aimed to investigate the microbial community and chemical composition of fresh and ensiling oat harvested from six different elevations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Study of Novel Harmine Derivatives and Tetrahydro-β-Carboline Derivatives In Vitro.

Dairy mastitis is a disease of dairy cattle caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms which has biought huge economic losses aused huge economic losses to the world. In this paper, Harmine derivatives and tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives synthesized by the splice method are shown to have a good inhibitory effect on the pathogenic bacteria of dairy mastitis. The results of a bacteriostatic test on pathogenic bacteria of dairy cow mastitis (, , and ) showed that compound had the best bacteriostatic effect on , with a mic value of 43.

Identification and population genetic analyses of copy number variations in six domestic goat breeds and Bezoar ibexes using next-generation sequencing.

Background: Copy number variations (CNVs) are a major form of genetic variations and are involved in animal domestication and genetic adaptation to local environments. We investigated CNVs in the domestic goat (Capra hircus) using Illumina short-read sequencing data, by comparing our lab data for 38 goats from three Chinese breeds (Chengdu Brown, Jintang Black, and Tibetan Cashmere) to public data for 26 individuals from three other breeds (two Moroccan and one Chinese) and 21samples from Bezoar ibexes.

Results: We obtained a total of 2394 CNV regions (CNVRs) by merging 208,649 high-confidence CNVs, which spanned ~ 267 Mb of total length and accounted for 10.

Using RNA-Seq to Identify Reference Genes of the Transition from Brown to White Adipose Tissue in Goats.

Brown adipose tissues have unique non-shivering thermogenesis functions, can be found in newborn ruminate animals, and then are gradually replaced by white adipose tissues in adulthood. For the purpose of exploring the intrinsic mechanism underlying the conversion process from brown (BAT) to white adipose tissue (WAT), it is necessary to utilize Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to study gene expression profiling. In this study, we identified reference genes that were consistently expressed during the transformation from goat BAT to WAT using RNA-seq data.

Comparative genome analyses reveal the unique genetic composition and selection signals underlying the phenotypic characteristics of three Chinese domestic goat breeds.

Background: As one of the important livestock species around the world, goats provide abundant meat, milk, and fiber to fulfill basic human needs. However, the genetic loci that underlie phenotypic variations in domestic goats are largely unknown, particularly for economically important traits. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of 38 goats from three Chinese breeds (Chengdu Brown, Jintang Black, and Tibetan Cashmere) and downloaded the genome sequence data of 30 goats from five other breeds (four non-Chinese and one Chinese breed) and 21 Bezoar ibexes to investigate the genetic composition and selection signatures of the Chinese goat breeds after domestication.

Implication of Polyhistidine, a Novel Apoptosis Inhibitor, in Inhibiting Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Apoptosis in Boar Sperm.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from Gram-negative bacteria binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and induces boar sperm apoptosis. Similarly, polyhistidine (pHis), a TLR4 agonist, can also bind to TLR4. We hypothesized that pHis could inhibit LPS-induced sperm apoptosis by competitively binding to TLR4 to then improve sperm quality.