Antimicrobial immunity impedes CNS vascular repair following brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebrovascular injury are leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Systemic infections often accompany these disorders and can worsen outcomes. Recovery after brain injury depends on innate immunity, but the effect of infections on this process is not well understood.

Perioperative Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Incidence and Outcomes in Neurosurgical Patients at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC, During a Pandemic: A 6-Month Follow-up.

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to affect all aspects of health care delivery, and neurosurgical practices are not immune to its impact. We aimed to evaluate neurosurgical practice patterns as well as the perioperative incidence of COVID-19 in neurosurgical patients and their outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review of neurosurgical and neurointerventional cases at 2 tertiary centers during the first 3 months of the first peak of COVID-19 pandemic (March 8 to June 8) as well as following 3 months (post-peak pandemic; June 9 to September 9) was performed.

Posterior communicating artery infundibulum with oculomotor nerve palsy treated with microvascular decompression: a case report and 2-dimensional technical operative video.

Oculomotor nerve palsies are typically associated with posterior communicating artery (PcommA) aneurysms. We report a rare case of an oculomotor nerve palsy caused by a PcommA infundibular dilatation. Although there are cases of infundibular dilatations causing cranial nerve palsies, only reports of three involving the PcommA exists.

Case Volumes and Perioperative Coronavirus Disease 2019 Incidence in Neurosurgical Patients During a Pandemic: Experiences at Two Tertiary Care Centers in Washington, DC.

Objective: The true incidence of perioperative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been well elucidated in neurosurgical studies. We reviewed the effects of the pandemic on the neurosurgical case volume to study the incidence of COVID-19 in patients undergoing these procedures during the perioperative period and compared the characteristics and outcomes of this group to those of patients without COVID-19.

Methods: The neurosurgical and neurointerventional procedures at 2 tertiary care centers during the pandemic were reviewed.

Head Repositioning during Neurointerventional Procedures to Optimize Biplanar Imaging.

Background And Purpose: Head positioning is an important aspect for surgical planning in any cranial procedure. However, in neurointerventional cases, this is an afterthought due to advances in biplane imaging. We aim to present that the concept of head positioning may be applied to neurointerventional procedures to obtain optimal working projections to aide in the treatment of neurovascular pathology.

Psychiatric Disease Preceding Intracranial Tumor Diagnosis: Investigating the Association.

Objective: Here, we examine rates of intracranial tumor diagnoses in patients with and without comorbid psychiatric diagnoses to better understand how psychiatric disease may alter risk profiles for brain tumor diagnosis.

Methods: We used a longitudinal version of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database, which includes all inpatient admissions in California from 1995 to 2010. We examined patients with confirmed hospital admissions from 1997 to 2004.

Depression After Spinal Surgery: A Comparative Analysis of the California Outcomes Database.

Objective: To examine the relative incidence of newly recorded diagnosis of depression after spinal surgery as a proxy for the risk of post-spinal surgery depression.

Patients And Methods: We used the longitudinal California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database (January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2010) to identify patients who underwent spinal surgery during these years. Patients with documented depression before surgery were excluded.

Intracranial Rhabdomyoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

A 24-year-old male presented with eight months of increasingly severe frontal headaches, decreased right facial sensation, and periodic vertigo. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a heterogeneously contrast-enhancing mass involving and expanding the right foramen ovale.  A biopsy of the lesion was performed, and the final pathologic diagnosis revealed a neoplastic rhabdomyoma.

Survival trends of grade I, II, and III astrocytoma patients and associated clinical practice patterns between 1999 and 2010: A SEER-based analysis.

Background: The survival trends and the patterns of clinical practice pertaining to radiation therapy and surgical resection for WHO grade I, II, and III astrocytoma patients remain poorly characterized.

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 2497 grade I, 4113 grade II, and 2755 grade III astrocytomas during the period of 1999-2010. Time-trend analyses were performed for overall survival, radiation treatment (RT), and the extent of surgical resection (EOR).

Reoperation Rates for Penile Prosthetic Surgery.

Introduction: In patients with erectile dysfunction refractory to medical treatment, placement of a penile prosthesis is an effective treatment option. Despite advancements in prosthetic design, it is not without complications requiring reoperation.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term reoperation rate of penile prosthesis implantation.

Reoperation rates after laparoscopic fundoplication.

Introduction: Current literature on redo antireflux surgery has limitations due to small sample size or single center experiences. This study aims to evaluate the reoperation rate of laparoscopic fundoplication in a large population database.

Methods: A longitudinal version of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database from 1995 to 2010 was used.

Shared decision making in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: results of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Despite evidence that shared decision-making tools for treatment decisions improve decision quality and patient engagement, they are not commonly employed in orthopaedic practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of decision and communication aids on patient knowledge, efficiency of decision making, treatment choice, and patient and surgeon experience in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-three patients who were considered medically appropriate for hip or knee replacement were randomized to either a shared decision-making intervention or usual care.