Colorectal cancer early screening: Dilemmas and solutions.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, posing a significant public health concern. Mounting evidence has confirmed that timely early screening facilitates the detection of incipient CRC, thereby enhancing patient prognosis. Obviously, non-participation of asymptomatic individuals in screening programs hampers early diagnosis and may adversely affect long-term outcomes for CRC patients.

Amber Light-Assisted CBI Endoscopy for Superior Deep Vascular Visualization and Blood-Containing Tissue Depth Differentiation.

Purpose: A novel compound band imaging (CBI) endoscopy system is introduced to enhance the visualization and depth differentiation of blood-containing tissues within mucosal structures. This system serves as a theranostics tool to supplement white light imaging (WLI), enabling more precise disease diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: The system utilizes a combination of green and red narrow-band light, alongside amber wide-band light, synchronized with a rapid switching strategy and a color CMOS sensor.

PhyloVAE: Unsupervised Learning of Phylogenetic Trees via Variational Autoencoders.

Learning informative representations of phylogenetic tree structures is essential for analyzing evolutionary relationships. Classical distance-based methods have been widely used to project phylogenetic trees into Euclidean space, but they are often sensitive to the choice of distance metric and may lack sufficient resolution. In this paper, we introduce (PhyloVAEs), an unsupervissed learning framework designed for representation learning and generative modeling of tree topologies.

Optimal repetitive readout of single solid-state spins determined by Fisher information.

Quantum systems, including superconducting circuits, trapped ions, quantum dots, solid-state defects, etc., have achieved considerable advancements in readout fidelity. However, the widely used threshold method disregards the importance of temporal characteristics of the signal during continuous measurements, leading to information loss.

Association between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Depression in NAFLD: the modulating roles of sex and BMI.

Background: The Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel indicator of obesity that accurately reflects body composition. However, the association between WWI and depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study aims to explore this relationship through a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of thienopyridine derivatives as c-Met kinase inhibitors.

With cabozantinib as the precursor, a novel small molecule inhibitors of c-Met kinase with thieno [2,3-b] pyridine as the scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity against A549, Hela and MCF-7 cell lines. The in vitro activities of 16 compounds were tested by MTT method with cabozantinib as control drug. Most compounds had moderate to strong inhibitory activities on cells.

Improving Tree Probability Estimation with Stochastic Optimization and Variance Reduction.

Probability estimation of tree topologies is one of the fundamental tasks in phylogenetic inference. The recently proposed subsplit Bayesian networks (SBNs) provide a powerful probabilistic graphical model for tree topology probability estimation by properly leveraging the hierarchical structure of phylogenetic trees. However, the expectation maximization (EM) method currently used for learning SBN parameters does not scale up to large data sets.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal metastasis mechanism and microenvironment remodeling of lymph node in osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and is highly prone to metastasis. OS can metastasize to the lymph node (LN) through the lymphatics, and the metastasis of tumor cells reestablishes the immune landscape of the LN, which is conducive to the growth of tumor cells. However, the mechanism of LN metastasis of osteosarcoma and remodeling of the metastatic lymph node (MLN) microenvironment is not clear.

Independent associations of education, intelligence, and cognition with gastrointestinal diseases and the mediating effects of risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Education, intelligence and cognition affect occupational performance and socioeconomic status and may influence virous diseases development. However, the impact of these factors on gastrointestinal diseases and their mediating risk factors remains unclear.

Methods: We utilized genome-wide association studies from European ancestry populations to perform two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, aiming to estimate genetic instruments associated with education, intelligence, or cognition in relation to 24 gastrointestinal diseases Subsequently, we evaluated 14 potential mediators of this association and calculated the corresponding mediated proportions through two-step Mendelian randomization analyses.

Comprehensive advancement in endoscopy: optical design, algorithm enhancement, and clinical validation for merged WLI and CBI imaging.

As endoscopic imaging technology advances, there is a growing clinical demand for enhanced imaging capabilities. Although conventional white light imaging (WLI) endoscopy offers realistic images, it often cannot reveal detailed characteristics of the mucosa. On the other hand, optical staining endoscopy, such as Compound Band Imaging (CBI), can discern subtle structures, serving to some extent as an optical biopsy.

Machine Learning-assisted immunophenotyping of peripheral blood identifies innate immune cells as best predictor of response to induction chemo-immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - knowledge obtained from the CheckRad-CD8 trial.

Purpose: Individual prediction of treatment response is crucial for personalized treatment in multimodal approaches against head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). So far, no reliable predictive parameters for treatment schemes containing immunotherapy have been identified. This study aims to predict treatment response to induction chemo-immunotherapy based on the peripheral blood immune status in patients with locally advanced HNSCC.

Sub-nanotesla sensitivity at the nanoscale with a single spin.

High-sensitivity detection of the microscopic magnetic field is essential in many fields. Good sensitivity and high spatial resolution are mutually contradictory in measurement, which is quantified by the energy resolution limit. Here we report that a sensitivity of 0.

Incorporation of perigastric tumor deposits into the TNM staging system for primary gastric cancer.

Background: The current prognostic significance of perigastric tumor deposits (TDs) in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.

Aim: To assess the prognostic value of perigastric TDs and put forward a new TNM staging framework involving TDs for primary GC.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the pathological data of 6672 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy or surgery for GC with other diseases from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017 at the Chinese PLA General Hospital.

A novel endoscopy image fusion system: combine white light imaging and compound band imaging.

Purpose: White light imaging (WLI) is a commonly seen examination mode in endoscopy. The particular light in compound band imaging (CBI) can highlight delicate structures, such as capillaries and tiny structures on the mucosal surface. These two modes complement each other, and doctors switch between them manually to complete the examination.

A new insight of immunosuppressive microenvironment in osteosarcoma lung metastasis.

The lung is the primary organ for the metastasis of osteosarcoma. Although the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery has remarkably improved the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma, prognosis is still poor for those patients with metastasis. In this study, we performed further bioinformatics analysis on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data published before, containing 75,317 cells from two osteosarcoma lung metastasis and five normal lung tissues.

Long non-coding RNA and circular RNA and coding RNA profiling of plasma exosomes of osteosarcoma by RNA seq.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone tumor with high malignancy and the mechanism of hematogenous metastasis in OS is still not clear. The plasma exosomes derived from osteosarcoma play a key role in the process of tumor metastasis. Here, we established RNA-seq dataset for lncRNAs, circRNAs and mRNAs in plasma exosomes from 10 OS patients and 5 healthy donors.

A multitask model for realtime fish detection and segmentation based on YOLOv5.

The accuracy of fish farming and real-time monitoring are essential to the development of "intelligent" fish farming. Although the existing instance segmentation networks (such as Maskrcnn) can detect and segment the fish, most of them are not effective in real-time monitoring. In order to improve the accuracy of fish image segmentation and promote the accurate and intelligent development of fish farming industry, this article uses YOLOv5 as the backbone network and object detection branch, combined with semantic segmentation head for real-time fish detection and segmentation.

A Novel Dual-Permanent-Magnet Mechanical Antenna for Pipeline Robot Localization and Communication.

The demand for pipeline inspection has promoted the development of pipeline robots and associated localization and communication technologies. Among these technologies, ultra-low-frequency (30-300 Hz) electromagnetic waves have a significant advantage because of their strong penetration, which can penetrate metal pipe walls. Traditional low-frequency transmitting systems are limited by the size and power consumption of the antennas.

L-kynurenine induces NK cell loss in gastric cancer microenvironment via promoting ferroptosis.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in body's fighting against various types of cancers. Their infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of gastric cancer (GC) are significantly decreased, which has been reported as a robust prognostic marker. However, the causes leading to NK cells loss in GC TME remains poorly understood.

High GNG4 predicts adverse prognosis for osteosarcoma: Bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification.

Background: Guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein subunit γ 4 (GNG4) is closely related to the malignant progression and poor prognosis of various tumours. However, its role and mechanism in osteosarcoma remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the biological role and prognostic value of GNG4 in osteosarcoma.

99.92%-Fidelity cnot Gates in Solids by Noise Filtering.

Inevitable interactions with the reservoir largely degrade the performance of entangling gates, which hinders practical quantum computation from coming into existence. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a 99.920(7)%-fidelity controlled-not gate by suppressing the complicated noise in a solid-state spin system at room temperature.

Trends of denosumab-related publications in web of science.

Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that targets nuclear factor-kappa B ligand and is highly effective in blocking bone resorption. Bibliometrics can intuitively show the research development process, research status, research hotspots and development trend of a certain topic for researchers. This study assessed the course of research and development for denosumab in terms of publications over the past 2 decades.

A new model of preoperative systemic inflammatory markers predicting overall survival of osteosarcoma: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting overall survival (OS) of osteosarcoma, to establish a nomogram of an individualized prognostic prediction model for osteosarcoma.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-five patients with osteosarcoma from multiple centers were included in this study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Youden index were used to determine the optimal cutoff values ​​for CAR, NLR, and PLR.

Circ_0001060 Upregulates and Encourages Progression in Osteosarcoma.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers. To this day, the expression and mechanism of circRNA in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unclear. We previously found that circ_0001060 was highly expressed in OS tumor tissues.