Global Burden of Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents, 1990-2021: Trends, Disparities, and Future Projections.

Background: Thyroid cancer is a rising concern in children and adolescents, with unique biological behaviors compared to adults. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological trends, pathological features, and regional disparities of thyroid cancer in this population using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.

Methods: Data on thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2021 were extracted for individuals under 20 years old.

An antidepressant mechanism underlying the allosteric inhibition of GluN2D-incorporated NMDA receptors at GABAergic interneurons.

-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), key excitatory ion channels, have gained attention as anti-depression targets. NMDARs consist of two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits (2A-2D), which determine their pharmacological properties. Few compounds selectively targeting GluN2 subunits with antidepressant effects have been identified.

Gallbladder and liver miliary nodules: a surprising diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) presenting as miliary nodules on the gallbladder and liver is extremely rare and poses significant diagnostic challenges. This report describes a case of disseminated TB discovered during emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old male presented with decreased appetite, weight loss, and fever.

Identification of blood-derived exosomal tumor RNA signatures as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for multi-cancer: a multi-phase, multi-center study.

Background: Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, making early detection crucial for improving survival outcomes. The study aims to develop a machine learning-enabled blood-derived exosomal RNA profiling platform for multi-cancer detection and localization.

Methods: In this multi-phase, multi-center study, we analyzed RNA from exosomes derived from peripheral blood plasma in 818 participants across eight cancer types during the discovery phase.

Phase I study of ribociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) with spartalizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) with and without fulvestrant in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer or advanced ovarian cancer.

Background: Preclinical evidence suggests that cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors enhance antitumor immunity. We conducted a phase I trial of ribociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) plus spartalizumab (PD-1 inhibitor) in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) or advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). The combination was also evaluated with fulvestrant in MBC.

Evaluating geographic accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination across 54 countries/regions.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant disparities in global vaccine accessibility, particularly affecting low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, current research on COVID-19 vaccine accessibility primarily focuses on individual countries or high-income countries (HIC). We aimed to evaluate geographic accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination on a multicountry scale, covering comparisons across LMICs and HICs.

Phthalocyanine and photodynamic therapy relieve albumin paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) is a solid tumor with extremely high malignancy and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is an important treatment option. Compared with gemcitabine alone, albumin paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) is more effective in the treatment of advanced PCa.

Association of Gene Polymorphisms with Cervical Cancer in Han Women in Southwest China.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most prevalent gynecological tumor among women. Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (), which plays a crucial role in cellular transcriptional processes and various signaling pathways, has been identified as a key oncogenic factor in numerous cancers. However, limited data exists on the correlation between and CC.

HMGB1 in Septic Muscle Atrophy: Roles and Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration.

Currently, the treatment of septic myopathy presents significant challenges with implications for increased mortality rates and prolonged hospitalizations. Effective therapeutic strategies for septic myopathy remain elusive, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a conserved nonhistone nuclear protein that is released passively from deceased cells or actively secreted by activated immune cells, influencing both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory responses.

RNA binding protein Pumilio2 promotes chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer via focal adhesion pathway and interacting with transcription factor EGR1.

Pancreatic cancer (PCa) has insidious onset, high malignancy and poor prognosis. Gemcitabine (GEM) is one of the first-line chemotherapy drugs for PCa. However, GEM resistance has always been a bottleneck problem leading to recurrence and death of PCa patients.

Evaluating the surgical and oncological outcomes of hepatic artery variations in minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy: insights from 2023 data at a high-volume pancreatic center.

Background: Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) has seen increased adoption due to advancements in surgical techniques and technology. However, the impact of hepatic artery variations (HAV) and clinically relevant HAV (CR-HAV) on MIPD outcomes remains under-investigated. This study aims to explore the differences in surgical and oncological outcomes of MIPD with or without HAV and CR-HAV.

Efficacy of Roxadustat in Anemia with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Anemia is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its incidence gradually increases as the disease progresses. A major cause of such anemia is the severe erythropoietin deficiency in CKD. Therefore, improvement in red blood cell production is a choice of treatment.

Role of higher order interactions on spiral waves in excitable media.

When nodes in excitable system are stimulated, the system tends to form traveling waves or self-organized spiral waves, such as electrical signals in the heart and the spread of epidemics. Networks composed of these nodes can be influenced by higher-order interactions. We utilized the FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model for nodes to construct a three-layer lattice network, incorporating higher-order interactions applicable to neuronal models.

Persistent activation of TRPM4 triggers necrotic cell death characterized by sodium overload.

Sodium influx and overload are frequently observed in human tissue injuries. Whether sodium overload imposes a causative effect on necrotic cell death and the mechanism involved are unclear. Here we identify necrocide 1 (NC1) as a compound that induces necrotic cell death through sodium overload, termed NECSO for necrosis by sodium overload.

Room-Temperature Perovskite Ferromagnetic Insulator via Three-Dimensional Tensile Strain.

Ferromagnetic insulators are receiving ever-increasing research activities driven not only by the unique advantage of low power loss during spin-wave-based information processing but also by the potential to construct next-generation spintronic devices. However, either the exceedingly rare candidates or the low Curie temperature far below room temperature greatly hinder their practical application. Here, through the modulation of a novel three-dimensional (3D) tensile strain, a room-temperature ferromagnetic insulating state with a Curie temperature as high as 594 K is achieved in self-assembled LaCoO_{3}:MgO nanocomposite thin films.

Intrinsic Distortion against Jahn-Teller Distortion: A New Paradigm for High-Stability Na-Ion Layered Mn-Rich Oxide Cathodes.

Layered manganese-rich oxides (LMROs) are widely recognized as the leading cathode candidates for grid-scale sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high specific capacities and cost benefits, but the notorious Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortion of Mn always induces severe structural degradation and consequent rapid cathode failure, impeding the practical implementation of such materials. Herein, we unveil the "intrinsic distortion against J-T distortion" mechanism to effectively stabilize the layered frameworks of LMRO cathodes. The intrinsic distortion simply constructed by introducing bulk oxygen vacancies is systematically confirmed by advanced synchrotron X-ray techniques, atomic-scale imaging characterizations, and theoretical computations, which can counteract the J-T distortion during cycling due to their opposite deformation orientations.

A Long-Life Zinc-Bromine Single-Flow Battery Utilizing Trimethylsulfoxonium Bromide as Complexing Agent.

Aqueous zinc-bromine single-flow batteries (ZBSFBs) are highly promising for distributed energy storage systems due to their safety, low cost, and relatively high energy density. However, the limited operational lifespan of ZBSFBs poses a significant barrier to their large-scale commercial viability. Here, trimethylsulfoxonium bromide (TMSO), a nonquaternary ammonium salt, is introduced as a bromine complexing agent to extend the cycle life of ZBSFBs by reducing the imbalance of active substances.

Innovation amidst post-socialist reform: Jonas Salk and the birth of the Sabin strains-derived inactivated polio vaccine in China.

As an industrial science, vaccinology is susceptible to changing social, economic and political frameworks. This article reconstructs the history of the birth of the Sabin strains-derived inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) in China. The development of this nascent vaccine can be attributed first and foremost to the circulation of knowledge and technology in the global polio research network of the 1980s, before the privatization of vaccine manufacturing and the escalation of intellectual-property protections.

Global, regional, and national burden of pancreatic cancer from 1990 to 2021, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: The incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are rising globally. This study examines global and regional trends in pancreatic cancer incidence, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and mortality from 1990 to 2021, utilizing data from the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.

Methods: Data were sourced from the GBD database over the period from 1990 to 2021.

Cuproptosis-Inducing Functional Nanocomposites for Enhanced and Synergistic Cancer Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is crucial in local cancer management and needs advancements. Tumor cells elevate intracellular copper levels to promote growth and resist radiation; thus, targeted copper delivery to mitochondria could enhance radiotherapy by inducing cuproptosis in tumor cells. In this study, we engineered a multifunctional nanoliposome complex, termed Lipo-Ele@CuO, which encapsulates both copper peroxide (CuO) and the copper chelator elesclomol, which can delivery Cu ions to the mitochondria.

A Strategy of Enhancing Polarization to Achieve Excellent Energy Storage Performance in Simple BiKTiO-Based Relaxors.

Dielectric energy storage capacitors are indispensable components in advanced electronic and electrical systems. Excellent performance requires the dielectric materials possessing low residual polarization (P), high breakdown strength (E), and large maximum polarization (P). The first two parameters can be typically achieved through chemical regulation, while the P is closely related to the matrix.

A PEDOT:PSS-based flexible bimodal resonant sensor with independently controllable modes.

Traditional sensors struggle in complex human environments, particularly with humidity and strain detection requiring high sensitivity and robust anti-interference. This work introduces a flexible, miniaturized, low-cost dual-mode sensor that combines a novel resonator structure with a chemically modified conducting polymer, enabling simultaneous strain and humidity detection alongside high anti-interference performance sensitivity and wireless transmission.