A splicing isoform of PD-1 promotes tumor progression as a potential immune checkpoint.

The immune checkpoint receptor, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, encoded by PDCD1), mediates the immune escape of cancer, but whether PD-1 splicing isoforms contribute to this process is still unclear. Here, we identify an alternative splicing isoform of human PD-1, which carries a 28-base pairs extension retained from 5' region of intron 2 (PD-1^28), is expressed in peripheral T cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. PD-1^28 expression is induced on T cells upon activation and is regulated by an RNA binding protein, TAF15.

N-methyladenosine enhances the expression of TGF-β-SMAD signaling family to inhibit cell growth and promote cell metastasis.

TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathway plays an important role in the progression of various cancers. However, posttranscriptional regulation such as N-methyladenosine (mA) of TGF-β-SMAD signaling axis remains incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) is low expression as well as associated with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients and inhibits proliferation as well as promotes metastasis of ccRCC cells.

DRAIC mediates hnRNPA2B1 stability and mA-modified IGF1R instability to inhibit tumor progression.

Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) plays an important role in cancer, however, posttranscriptional regulation such as N-methyladenosine (mA) of IGF1R remains unclear. Here, we reveal a role for a lncRNA Downregulated RNA in Cancer (DRAIC) suppress tumor growth and metastasis in clear cell Renal Carcinoma (ccRCC). Mechanistically, DRAIC physically interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) and enhances its protein stability by blocking E3 ligase F-box protein 11 (FBXO11)-mediated ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation.

Tumor Cell-Intrinsic BTLA Receptor Inhibits the Proliferation of Tumor Cells via ERK1/2.

B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune checkpoint molecule that mediates the escape of tumor cells from immunosurveillance. Consequently, BTLA and its ligand herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) are potentially immunotherapeutic targets. However, the potential effects of BTLA on tumor cells remain incompletely unknown.

regulates the integrity of lysosomal membrane by hnRNP K-stabilized transcript and promotes cell survival.

Lysosome plays important roles in cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to tumor growth and survival. However, the understanding of regulation and the underlying mechanism of lysosome in cancer survival is incomplete. Here, we reveal a role for a histone acetylation-regulated long noncoding RNA termed () in lung cancer cell survival, in which its knockdown promotes apoptosis.

-Mediated Regulation of mA-Modified by mA Reader IGF2BP3 Drives ccRCC Progression.

Aberrant -methyladenosine (mA) modification has emerged as a driver of tumor initiation and progression, yet how long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are involved in the regulation of mA remains unknown. Here we utilize data from 12 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas to comprehensively map lncRNAs that are potentially deregulated by DNA methylation. A novel DNA methylation-deregulated and RNA mA reader-cooperating lncRNA () facilitated tumor growth and metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Impact of coupling topology upon noise robustness of small optical reservoirs.

In this work, we perform the numerical investigation of the performance of the small optical reservoir computing (RC) systems with four neurons using the commercial software for optical fiber communication system. The small optical RC system consists of the components of the optical fiber communication. The nonlinear function which is required in RC is provided by the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers (EDFA).

Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 receptor is a tumor suppressor and mediates resistance to PD-1 blockade therapy.

The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor on the surface of immune cells is an immune checkpoint molecule that mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. Consequently, antibodies targeting PD-1 have shown efficacy in enhancing the antitumor activity of T cells in some types of cancers. However, the potential effects of PD-1 on tumor cells remain largely unknown.

Carrier Transport and Recombination Mechanism in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode with Hosts Consisting of Cabazole- and Triazole-Moiety.

In this study, we demonstrated a blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (BPOLED) based on a host with two carbazole and one trizole (2CbzTAZ) moiety, 9,9'-(2-(4,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(9H-carbazole), that exhibits bipolar transport characteristics. Compared with the devices with a carbazole host (N,N'-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene, (mCP)), triazole host (3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, (TAZ)), or a physical mixture of mCP:TAZ, which exhibit hole, electron, and bipolar transport characteristics, respectively, the BPOLED with the bipolar 2CbzTAZ host exhibited the lowest driving voltage (6.55 V at 10 mA/cm), the highest efficiencies (maximum current efficiency of 52.

WW Domain-Containing Proteins YAP and TAZ in the Hippo Pathway as Key Regulators in Stemness Maintenance, Tissue Homeostasis, and Tumorigenesis.

The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling pathway originally defined in two decades ago. Deregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to significant overgrowth in phenotypes and ultimately initiation of tumorigenesis in various tissues. The major WW domain proteins in the Hippo pathway are YAP and TAZ, which regulate embryonic development, organ growth, tissue regeneration, stem cell pluripotency, and tumorigenesis.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals relationship of three major domesticated varieties of Auricularia auricula-judae.

Auricularia auricula-judae is an edible mushroom and a traditional medicine in China as well as the fourth largest cultivated mushroom species in the world. Here for the first time, we present comparative transcriptome analyses of the fruiting bodies of three morphologically distinguishable A. auricula-judae cultivated varieties (Wujin, smooth; Banjin, partially wrinkled; and Quanjin, fully wrinkled) collected from Jilin Province, China.

Long non-coding RNA MYU promotes prostate cancer proliferation by mediating the miR-184/c-Myc axis.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The c-Myc upregulated lncRNA MYU (VPS9D1 antisense RNA1, annotated as VPS9D1-AS1) has been reported in several common types of human cancers, which has revealed that lncRNA MYU could function as either an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene in different cancer types. However, the function of lncRNA MYU in prostate cancer remains unknown.

The long non-coding RNA PCSEAT exhibits an oncogenic property in prostate cancer and functions as a competing endogenous RNA that associates with EZH2.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths in males. Recent studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many aspects of PCa. However, their biological roles in PCa remain imperfectly understood.

An oleaginous filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus exhibits high removing potential of industrial phenol contaminants.

Discharge of industrial phenol contaminants could cause great harm on natural environment. Through oleaginous microalgae cultivation in phenolic wastewater, pollutants can be phototrophically biofixed into biomass as feedstock for bioenergy production. It was firstly reported in this study that, an oleaginous filamentous microalgae Tribonema minus exhibited strong environmental phenol removal ability.

Looking into meta-atoms of plasmonic nanowire metamaterial.

Nanowire-based plasmonic metamaterials exhibit many intriguing properties related to the hyperbolic dispersion, negative refraction, epsilon-near-zero behavior, strong Purcell effect, and nonlinearities. We have experimentally and numerically studied the electromagnetic modes of individual nanowires (meta-atoms) forming the metamaterial. High-resolution, scattering-type near-field optical microscopy has been used to visualize the intensity and phase of the modes.

Enhancing bright-field image of microorganisms by local plasmon of Ag nanoparticle array.

Inspecting biological cells with bright-field light microscopy often engenders a challenge, owing to their optical transparency. We show that imaging contrast can be greatly enhanced as yeast cells are placed on a silver nanoparticle array. Its near- and far-field traits, revealed by electrodynamic simulations, illustrate that the enhancement is attributed to the sensitivity of its plasmonic characteristics to the attached cells.

Revealing local, enhanced optical field characteristics of Au nanoparticle arrays with 10 nm gap using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy.

Anomalous optical properties displayed by plasmonic structures are commonly attributed to the enhanced, local field within their corrugations. Though theoretical calculations of such field enhancements abound, experimental observations are relatively few, because only few optical microscopic techniques have enough spatial resolution. We used scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy to resolve local optical characteristics of a gold nanoparticle array with 10 nm gap between adjacent particles.

Transparent Raman-enhancing substrates for microbiological monitoring and in situ pollutant detection.

Opaque Raman-enhancing substrates made of Ag nanoparticles on incompletely oxidized aluminum templates have been rendered transparent by an ion-drift process to complete the oxidation. The result shows that the transparent substrates exhibit high/uniform surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) capability and good optical transmissivity, allowing for concurrent SERS characterization and high contrast transmission-mode optical imaging of S. aureus bacteria.