Ultraviolet attenuates centromere-mediated meiotic genome stability and alters gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation influences development and genome stability in organisms; however, its impact on meiosis, a special cell division essential for the delivery of genetic information across generations in eukaryotes, has not yet been elucidated. In this study, by performing cytogenetic studies, we reported that UV radiation does not damage meiotic chromosome integrity but attenuates centromere-mediated chromosome stability and induces unreduced gametes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that functional centromere-specific histone 3 (CENH3) is required for obligate crossover formation and plays a role in the protection of sister chromatid cohesion under UV stress.

Evidence of Surface-Tension Lowering of Atmospheric Aerosols by Organics from Field Observations in an Urban Atmosphere: Relation to Particle Size and Chemical Composition.

Surface-active organics lower the aerosol surface tension (σ), leading to enhanced cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and potentially exerting impacts on the climate. Quantification of σ is mainly limited to laboratory or modeling work for particles with selected sizes and known chemical compositions. Inferred values from ambient aerosol populations are deficient.

The chromatin remodeler ERCC6 and the histone chaperone NAP1 are involved in apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-mediated DNA repair.

During base excision repair (BER), the apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) site serves as an intermediate product following base excision. In plants, APE-redox protein (ARP) represents the major AP site of cleavage activity. Despite the well-established understanding that the nucleosomal structure acts as a barrier to various DNA-templated processes, the regulatory mechanisms underlying BER at the chromatin level remain elusive, especially in plants.

Arabidopsis γ-H2A.X-INTERACTING PROTEIN participates in DNA damage response and safeguards chromatin stability.

Upon the occurrence of DNA double strand breaks (DSB), the proximal histone variant H2A.X is phosphorylated as γ-H2A.X, a critical signal for consequent DSB signaling and repair pathways.

Histone modification and chromatin remodeling in plant response to pathogens.

As sessile organisms, plants are constantly exposed to changing environments frequently under diverse stresses. Invasion by pathogens, including virus, bacterial and fungal infections, can severely impede plant growth and development, causing important yield loss and thus challenging food/feed security worldwide. During evolution, plants have adapted complex systems, including coordinated global gene expression networks, to defend against pathogen attacks.

Three-Phase Equilibrium Calculations of Water/Hydrocarbon/Nonhydrocarbon Systems Based on the Equation of State (EOS) in Thermal Processes.

A simple and novel approach is proposed to represent the mutual solubility of water and hydrocarbon components based on equations of state at high temperatures in thermal recovery processes. Sϕreide and Whitson modifications are applied to the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) so that all components, including the water component, can exist in all phases, reasonably representing gas solubility in water and water solubility in hydrocarbon phases. We propose an algorithm to assign binary interaction parameters (BIPs) for aqueous and nonaqueous phases.

Arabidopsis CHROMATIN REMODELING 19 acts as a transcriptional repressor and contributes to plant pathogen resistance.

Chromatin remodelers act in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate chromatin structure and thus genome function. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) remodeler CHROMATIN REMODELING19 (CHR19) is enriched in gene body regions, and its depletion causes massive changes in nucleosome position and occupancy in the genome. Consistent with these changes, an in vitro assay verified that CHR19 can utilize ATP to slide nucleosomes.

The ChinaHighPM dataset: generation, validation, and spatiotemporal variations from 2015 to 2019 across China.

Respirable particles with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 µm (PM) have important impacts on the atmospheric environment and human health. Available PM datasets have coarse spatial resolutions, limiting their applications, especially at the city level. A tree-based ensemble learning model, which accounts for spatiotemporal information (i.

Hydrolysis of food waste by hot water extraction and subsequent Rhizopus fermentation to fumaric acid.

Food waste is considered a serious global societal problem. How to degrade of food waste in a green and effective way has been to a hot topic. In this work, a method with hot water extraction pretreatment of food waste was investigated and optimized.

lncRNA DGCR 5/miR‑27a‑3p/BNIP3 promotes cell apoptosis in pancreatic cancer by regulating the p38 MAPK pathway.

Long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) DGCR5 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. However, its biological functions in pancreatic cancer (PaCa) have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the role of lncRNA DGCR5 in the regulation of PaCa cell apoptosis.

Activities of Chromatin Remodeling Factors and Histone Chaperones and Their Effects in Root Apical Meristem Development.

Eukaryotic genes are packaged into dynamic but stable chromatin structures to deal with transcriptional reprogramming and inheritance during development. Chromatin remodeling factors and histone chaperones are epigenetic factors that target nucleosomes and/or histones to establish and maintain proper chromatin structures during critical physiological processes such as DNA replication and transcriptional modulation. Root apical meristems are vital for plant root development.

Satellite-Derived 1-km-Resolution PM Concentrations from 2014 to 2018 across China.

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM) has a greater impact on the human health but has been less studied due to fewer ground observations. This study attempts to improve the retrieval accuracy and spatial resolution of satellite-based PM estimates using the new ground-based monitoring network in China. Therefore, a space-time extremely randomized trees (STET) model is first developed to estimate PM concentrations at a 1 km spatial resolution from 2014 to 2018 across mainland China.

Efficient In-Cloud Removal of Aerosols by Deep Convection.

Convective systems dominate the vertical transport of aerosols and trace gases. The most recent in situ aerosol measurements presented here show that the concentrations of primary aerosols including sea salt and black carbon drop by factors of 10 to 10,000 from the surface to the upper troposphere. In this study we show that the default convective transport scheme in the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy Community Earth System Model results in a high bias of 10-1,000 times the measured aerosol mass for black carbon and sea salt in the middle and upper troposphere.

Evaluations of tropospheric aerosol properties simulated by the community earth system model with a sectional aerosol microphysics scheme.

A sectional aerosol model (CARMA) has been developed and coupled with the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). Aerosol microphysics, radiative properties, and interactions with clouds are simulated in the size-resolving model. The model described here uses 20 particle size bins for each aerosol component including freshly nucleated sulfate particles, as well as mixed particles containing sulfate, primary organics, black carbon, dust, and sea salt.