Multicopper oxidases GbAO and GbSKS are involved in the Verticillium dahliae resistance in Gossypium barbadense.

Ascorbate oxidase (AO) and skewed5 (SKU5)-similar (SKS) proteins belong to the multicopper oxidase (MCO) family and play important roles in plants in response to environmental stress via modulation of oxidoreduction homeostasis. Currently, reports on the response of Gossypium barbadense MCO to Verticillium wilt (VW) caused by Verticillium dahliae are still limited. Herein, RNA sequencing of two G.

Expression profiling of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family reveals their diverse response pattern in two different salt-tolerant Glycyrrhiza species.

Background: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) play important role in response to environmental stress as crucial signal receptors or sensors. Our previous study indicated that salt stress acts as a positive factor to stimulate the production of pharmacodynamic metabolites in the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Currently, little is known about the MPK gene family and their functions in the medicinal plant G.

[NO Emissions from a Tea Field with Deep Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Intercropping with White Clover].

In recent years, the area of tea fields in China has expanded. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is usually high in tea fields, which causes high NO emissions. Tea fields are important sources of NO emissions; thus, it is necessary to research NO emission reduction in tea fields.

Design of a low-cost and compact 1 × 5 wavelength-selective switch for access networks.

This paper describes the design, modeling, construction, and testing of a low-cost and compact (80  mm×50  mm) 1×5 wavelength-selective switch. The core beam-deflecting element of the switch is a nematic liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator. The switch is designed for coarse wavelength-division multiplexing wavelengths in order to bring the benefit of a low-cost, compact, and robust switching design toward the customer end in the access network.

Pixel-level fringing-effect model to describe the phase profile and diffraction efficiency of a liquid crystal on silicon device.

We propose a fringing-effect model based on the experimentally measured phase response across the phase transition region of a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device. The measured phase profile in the phase transition region is characterized by a scaled error function of the flyback width. The flyback width can be determined by a cubic function of the phase depth between neighboring pixels.

Broad spectrum measurement of the birefringence of an isothiocyanate based liquid crystal.

Tunable materials with high anisotropy of refractive index and low loss are of particular interest in the microwave and terahertz range. Nematic liquid crystals are highly sensitive to electric and magnetic fields and may be designed to have particularly high birefringence. In this paper we investigate birefringence and absorption losses in an isothiocyanate based liquid crystal (designed for high anisotropy) in a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum, namely 0.