STAT3 phosphorylation in central leptin resistance.

Mechanism exploitation of energy homeostasis is urgently required because of the worldwide prevailing of obesity-related metabolic disorders in human being. Although it is well known that leptin plays a central role in regulating energy balance by suppressing food intake and promoting energy expenditure, the existence of leptin resistance in majority of obese individuals hampers the utilization of leptin therapy against these disorders. However, the mechanism of leptin resistance is largely unknown in spite of the globally enormous endeavors.

Total ginsenosides suppress monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats: involvement of nitric oxide and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Background: Ginsenosides have been shown to exert beneficial pharmacological effects on the central nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. We sought to determine whether total ginsenosides (TG) inhibit monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Methods: MCT-intoxicated rats were treated with gradient doses of TG, with or without N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester.

[Inhibitory effect of nitric oxide-induced total ginsenosides on right ventricular hypertrophy in rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of total ginsenosides (TG) on right ventricular hypertrophy induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats, and study its relationship with the nitric oxide pathway.

Method: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group, the MCT model group, TG-treated (20, 40, 60 mg kg-1 d-1) groups, and the L-arginine (L-arg) th NO release, T + L-N and L-a + L-N groups were wi th NOS into study TG's effect 200 mg kg-1 d-1 group. Besides, and its relationship wi also set, intraperitoneally injected with TG 40 mg kg-1 d -1 and L-arg 200 mg kg-1 - d-1, and orally administered hibitor L-NAME 20 mg kg-1 d-1.

Simultaneous determination of 23 flavor additives in tobacco products using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

A method based on gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 23 widely used flavor additives in tobacco products in this paper. The MS/MS fragmentation pathway of the cinnamic esters additives was illustrated. The new analytical method was defined based on two main axes, ultrasonic solvent extraction procedure with dichloromethane and analyte detection performed by GC-QqQ MS/MS in electron impact mode.

[Study on extraction process of zhanjin ruji].

Objective: To select the optimum extraction process of Zhanjin Ruji.

Method: To observe influence of extraction time upon the extraction rate of volatile oil, the orthogonal test was adopted to observe the extraction process by alcohol from the extraction rate and content of the total saponins in Radix Notoginseng.

Result: The three kinds of herbs including Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Resina Olibani and Myrrha were extracted with water for 3 hours, 95% of volatile oil can be distilled.