Improvement in XIa Selectivity of Snake Venom Peptide Analogue BF9-N17K Using P2' Amino Acid Replacements.

Coagulation factor XIa is a new serine-protease family drug target for next-generation anticoagulants. With the snake venom Kunitz-type peptide BF9 as the scaffold, we obtained a highly active XIa inhibitor BF9-N17K in our previous work, but it also inhibited the hemostatic target plasmin. Here, in order to enhance the selectivity of BF9-N17K toward XIa, four mutants, BF9-N17K-L19A, BF9-N17K-L19S, BF9-N17K-L19D, and BF9-N17K-L19K, were further designed using the P2' amino acid classification scanning strategy.

Astigmatism analysis and correction method introduced by an inclined plate in a convergent optical path.

A plate beam splitter can simultaneously increase the transmittances and reflectances of different split spectrum segments. The splitter has been widely used in optical systems. However, when a beam passes through a beam splitter in a convergent optical path, the image quality may be degraded severely because the tilted plate may introduce aberrations such as astigmatism at the on-axis point.