Histological changes in retinal detachment: A systematic review for the clinician.

Although there have been numerous innovations in the management of retinal detachment (RD) over the past decades, there is still limited understanding of the pathophysiological processes that take place before and after repair. Summarizing key concepts using animal studies may allow for a better assessment of common pre- and postoperative microstructural abnormalities in RD. We performed a systematic literature review on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials from January 1968 to January 2022, searching animal or human studies reporting retinal histologic changes following primary or induced RD.

A Meta-Analysis of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes following Intravitreal Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common cause of preventable blindness in preterm infants. First-line treatments include intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) or laser photocoagulation (LPC).

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate neurodevelopmental safety of IVB compared to LPC for ROP.

Comparing ProKera With Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: Indications, Outcomes, and Costs.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of ProKera versus amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in managing ocular surface disease.

Methods: This study is a retrospective case series of patients who received either ProKera or sutured AMT for ocular surface disease. Patient demographics, treatment indications, retention time, percentage healed area, changes in visual acuity, and costs to the health care system were analyzed.

Overview of the Canadian Clinician Investigator Trainees' research presented at the 2019 CSCI-CITAC Joint Meeting.

The 2019 Annual General Meeting and Young Investigators' Forum of the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation / Société Canadienne de Recherche Clinique (CSCI/SCRC) and Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada / Association des Cliniciens-Chercheurs en Formation du Canada (CITAC/ACCFC) was held in Banff, Alberta on November 8-10th, 2019. The theme was "Positioning Early Career Investigators for Success: Strategy and Resilience". Lectures and workshops provided knowledge and tools to facilitate the attendees' development as clinician investigators.

Novel Anti-Interleukin-1β Therapy Preserves Retinal Integrity: A Longitudinal Investigation Using OCT Imaging and Automated Retinal Segmentation in Small Rodents.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness in neonates. Inflammation, in particular interleukin-1β (IL-1β), is increased in early stages of the disorder, and contributes to inner and outer retinal vasoobliteration in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model of ROP. A small peptide antagonist of IL-1 receptor, composed of the amino acid sequence, rytvela, has been shown to exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects without compromising immunovigilance-related NF-κB in reproductive tissues.

The Inability of the Choroid to Revascularize in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Results from Increased p53/miR-Let-7b Activity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterized by an initial retinal avascularization, followed by pathologic neovascularization. Recently, choroidal thinning has also been detected in children formerly diagnosed with ROP; a similar sustained choroidal thinning is observed in ROP models. But the mechanism underlying the lack of choroidal revascularization remains unclear and was investigated in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model.

Newsletter Spring 2018: Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC).

A decade of CITAC Annual General Meetings: 2007-2017 In 2007, the Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC) launched its inaugural Annual General Meeting (AGM). The AGM has since become a major annual event, jointly organized by CITAC and leaders from the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation (CSCI), and continues to provide a forum for clinician investigator (CI) trainees to exchange ideas, advance career prospects and engage with the broader community. Indeed, since its inception, all Canadian institutions with medical doctor and clinician investigator (MD+CI) training programs have participated in the AGM, while more than 1,000 trainees have registered as CITAC members.

Scientific Overview on CSCI-CITAC Annual General Meeting and 2016 Young Investigators' Forum.

The 2016 Annual General Meeting of the Canadian Society of Clinician Investigators (CSCI) and Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada/Association des Cliniciens-Chercheurs en Formation du Canada (CITAC/ACCFC) was a national conference held in Toronto November 21-23, 2016, in conjunction with The University of Toronto Clinician Investigator Program Research Day. The theme for this year's meeting was "Mapping Your Career as a Clinician-Scientist"; emphasizing essential skills for developing a fruitful career as clinician-scientist. The meeting featured an opening presentation by Dr.

Retinopathy of prematurity: inflammation, choroidal degeneration, and novel promising therapeutic strategies.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of childhood blindness globally, and the incidence is rising. The disease is characterized by initial arrested retinal vascularization followed by neovascularization and ensuing retinal detachment causing permanent visual loss. Although neovascularization can be effectively treated via retinal laser ablation, it is unknown which children are at risk of entering this vision-threatening phase of the disease.

Training the next generation of Canadian Clinician-Scientists: charting a path to success.

Clinician-scientists are physicians with training in both clinical medicine and research that enables them to occupy a unique niche as specialists in basic and translational biomedical research. While there is widespread acknowledgement of the importance of clinician-scientists in today's landscape of evidence-based medical practice, training of clinician-scientists in Canada has been on the decline, with fewer opportunities to obtain funding. With the increasing length of training and lower financial compensation, fewer medical graduates are choosing to pursue such a career.

Preventing Corneal Calcification Associated With Xylazine for Longitudinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Young Rodents.

Purpose: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is widely used in clinical ophthalmology and recently gained popularity in laboratory research involving small rodents. Its noninvasive nature allows repeated measurements, thereby decreasing the number of animals required. However, when used at a conventional dosage, xylazine (an α2-adrenoceptor) can cause irreversible corneal calcification, especially among young rodents.

Scientific Overview: CSCI-CITAC Annual General Meeting and Young Investigators' Forum 2015.

The 2015 Annual General Meeting of The Canadian Society of Clinician Investigators (CSCI) and Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada/Association des Cliniciens-Chercheurs en Formation du Canada (CITAC/ACCFC) was held in Toronto November 23-25, 2015, in conjunction with The University of Toronto Clinician Investigator Program Research Day. The theme for this year's meeting was "It takes a village" and the focus was the various support systems necessary to train a successful clinician scientist. The meeting featured an opening presentation by Dr.

Choroidal Involution Is Associated with a Progressive Degeneration of the Outer Retinal Function in a Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Early Role for IL-1β.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the most common cause of blindness in premature infants, has long been associated with inner retinal alterations. However, recent studies reveal outer retinal dysfunctions in patients formerly afflicted with ROP. We have recently demonstrated that choroidal involution occurs early in retinopathy.

Erratum: Nuclear localization of platelet-activating factor receptor controls retinal neovascularization.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.

Review of the mechanisms and therapeutic avenues for retinal and choroidal vascular dysfunctions in retinopathy of prematurity.

Unlabelled: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disease and the main cause of visual impairment and blindness in premature neonates. The inner retina has been considered the primary region affected in ROP, but choroidal vascular degeneration and progressive outer retinal dysfunctions have also been observed. This review focuses on observations regarding neurovascular dysfunctions in both the inner and outer immature retina, the mechanisms and the neuronal-derived factors implicated in the development of ROP, as well potential therapeutic avenues for this disorder.

Nuclear localization of platelet-activating factor receptor controls retinal neovascularization.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a pleiotropic phospholipid with proinflammatory, procoagulant and angiogenic actions on the vasculature. We and others have reported the presence of PAF receptor (Ptafr) at intracellular sites such as the nucleus. However, mechanisms of localization and physiologic functions of intracellular Ptafr remain poorly understood.