Learning More May Not Be Better: Knowledge Transferability in Vision-and-Language Tasks.

Is learning more knowledge always better for vision-and-language models? In this paper, we study knowledge transferability in multi-modal tasks. The current tendency in machine learning is to assume that by joining multiple datasets from different tasks, their overall performance improves. However, we show that not all knowledge transfers well or has a positive impact on related tasks, even when they share a common goal.

Breathing new insights into the role of mutant p53 in lung cancer.

The tumour suppressor gene p53 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in lung cancer and these defects are associated with poor prognosis, albeit some debate exists in the lung cancer field. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms by which mutant p53 proteins promote the development and sustained expansion of cancer remain unclear. This review will discuss the cellular responses controlled by p53 that contribute to tumour suppression, p53 mutant lung cancer mouse models and characterisation of p53 mutant lung cancer.

RPL36A activates ERK pathway and promotes colorectal cancer growth.

Ribosomal protein L36A (RPL36A) was one of the most upregulated proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unexplored, with limited studies investigating its expression and biological functions. In this investigation, we confirmed a marked upregulation of RPL36A in CRC tissues, correlating with an adverse prognosis. Silencing RPL36A markedly attenuated CRC cell malignant properties and tumor xenograft growth.

Biomechanical Properties and Cellular Responses in Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease affecting approximately 5 million people worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. Currently, the only available treatments are palliative care and lung transplantation, as there is no curative drug for this condition. The disease involves the excessive synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) due to alveolar epithelial cell damage, leading to scarring and stiffening of the lung tissue and ultimately causing respiratory failure.

Exploring Emotional Stimuli Detection in Artworks: A Benchmark Dataset and Baselines Evaluation.

We introduce an emotional stimuli detection task that targets extracting emotional regions that evoke people's emotions (i.e., emotional stimuli) in artworks.

Constructing a Highly Robust Interface Film for Enhancing Rate Performance of Graphite Anode via a Novel Electrolyte Additive.

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is regarded as a key factor to enable high power outputs of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we demonstrate a modified electrolyte consisting of a novel electrolyte additive, 1,1,2,2-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (FTMS) to construct a highly robust and stable SEI on a graphite anode for LIBs to enhance its rate performance. With 2% FTMS, the anode presents an improved capacity retention from 77.

The predictive value of baseline symptom score and the peripheral CD4CD8 double-positive T cells in patients with AECOPD.

Background: Accurate prediction of acute exacerbation helps select patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for individualized therapy. The potential of lymphocyte subsets to function as clinical predictive factors for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) remains uncertain.

Methods: In this single-center prospective cohort study with a 2-year follow-up, 137 patients aged 51 to 79 with AECOPD were enrolled.

Anlotinib plus camrelizumab achieved long-term survival in a patient with metastatic esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. The average overall survival of patients with metastatic disease is only 1 year. The efficacy of anti-angiogenic agents combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors remains unknown.

RP11-296E3.2 acts as an important molecular chaperone for YBX1 and promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis by activating STAT3.

Background: RP11-296E3.2 is a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis, that was reported in our previous clinical studies. However, the mechanisms of RP11-296E3.

Using complete blood count, serum immunoglobulins G/A/M and complement C3/C4 levels to predict the risk of COPD acute exacerbation: 2-year follow-up in a single-center prospective cohort study.

Autoimmunity is present in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), playing a role in indirect and direct ways. We aimed to explore whether autoimmunity could play a role in COPD exacerbations and construct autoimmunity-related prediction models. This prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study enrolled 155 patients with acute COPD exacerbations (AECOPD) followed for at least two years.

The anti-cancer agent APR-246 can activate several programmed cell death processes to kill malignant cells.

Mutant TP53 proteins are thought to drive the development and sustained expansion of cancers at least in part through the loss of the wild-type (wt) TP53 tumour suppressive functions. Therefore, compounds that can restore wt TP53 functions in mutant TP53 proteins are expected to inhibit the expansion of tumours expressing mutant TP53. APR-246 has been reported to exert such effects in malignant cells and is currently undergoing clinical trials in several cancer types.

PPDPF Promotes the Development of Mutant KRAS-Driven Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Regulating the GEF Activity of SOS1.

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) SOS1 catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP on RAS. However, regulation of the GEF activity remains elusive. Here, the authors report that PPDPF functions as an important regulator of SOS1.

Ryanodine receptor 2 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by the ROS/BACH1 axis.

There is no targeted therapy for KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS)-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) because the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Based on bioinformatic analysis, this study aims to elucidate a potential gene target for which an approved drug is available, and to reveal the function as well as the underlying mechanism of the candidate gene. Here, we identified that ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) expression was upregulated in KRAS-mutant mCRC, and that this promoted cancer cell metastasis.

ARID2 mitigates hepatic steatosis via promoting the ubiquitination of JAK2.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a growing public health problem. However, the complicated pathogenesis of NAFLD contributes to the deficiency of effective clinical treatment. Here, we demonstrated that liver-specific loss of Arid2 induced hepatic steatosis and this progression could be exacerbated by HFD.

[Effect of manual acupuncture at "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) on spermatogenic cells of mice with oligoasthenospermia induced by microwave radiation].

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture at "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) on sperm motility, testicular B cell lymphoma/leukelia-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase-3 in mice with oligoasthenospermia induced by microwave radiation, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in improving oligoasthenospermia.

Methods: Male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control, model and acupuncture groups(=6 in each group). The oligoasthenospermia model was established by continuous microwave irradiation with frequency of 2 450 MHz and power density of 40 mW/cm, 1 h daily for 18 days.

Gefitinib enhances the anti‑tumor immune response against EGFR‑mutated NSCLC by upregulating B7H5 expression and activating T cells via CD28H.

Gefitinib is a sensitive and effective drug to treat non‑small‑cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying the somatic activating mutations of the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the present study, a new mechanism of action of gefitinib in EGFR‑mutated NSCLC cells was discovered using co‑culture of NSCLC cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Gefitinib significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of PBMCs against NSCLC cells expressing mutated EGFR but not in cells expressing wild‑type EGFR.

Enhanced Electrochemical Water Oxidation Activity by Structural Engineered Prussian Blue Analogue/rGO Heterostructure.

Prussian blue analogue (PBA), with a three-dimensional open skeleton and abundant unsaturated surface coordination atoms, attracts extensive research interest in electrochemical energy-related fields due to facile preparation, low cost, and adjustable components. However, it remains a challenge to directly employ PBA as an electrocatalyst for water splitting owing to their poor charge transport ability and electrochemical stability. Herein, the PBA/rGO heterostructure is constructed based on structural engineering.

Freestanding 3D Metallic Micromesh for High-Performance Flexible Transparent Solid-State Zinc Batteries.

Flexible transparent energy supplies are extremely essential to the fast-growing flexible electronic systems. However, the general developed flexible transparent energy storage devices are severely limited by the challenges of low energy density, safety issues, and/or poor compatibility. In this work, a freestanding 3D hierarchical metallic micromesh with remarkble optoelectronic properties (T = 89.

Targeting USP9X-AMPK Axis in ARID1A-Deficient Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous solid tumor with high morbidity and mortality. AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) accounts for up to 10% of mutations in liver cancer, however, its role in HCC remains controversial, and no targeted therapy has been established.

Methods: The expression of ARID1A in clinical samples was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.

Machine-Learning-Enabled Virtual Screening for Inhibitors of Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylase 1.

A machine learning approach has been applied to virtual screening for lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitors. LSD1 is an important anti-cancer target. Machine learning models to predict activity were constructed using Morgan molecular fingerprints.

Ochratoxin A Induces Steatosis via PPARγ-CD36 Axis.

Ochratoxin A(OTA) is considered to be one of the most important contaminants of food and feed worldwide. The liver is one of key target organs for OTA to exert its toxic effects. Due to current lifestyle and diet, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been the most common liver disease.

INTS6 promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating of AKT and ERK signaling.

INTS6 (integrator complex subunit 6) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, the expression and biological function of INTS6 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been investigated yet. In this study, we found that INTS6 expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues when compared with normal tissues and was associated with poor prognosis.

Antifungal agent Terbinafine restrains tumor growth in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma via AMPK-mTOR axis.

The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory due to limited effective treatment options. In this work, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Terbinafine for HCC and the underlying mechanism. The influence of Terbinafine on cell growth, 3D spheroid formation, clonogenic survival, and protein synthesis was investigated in human HCC cell lines.