Ecological security evaluation and early warning in the water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Ecological security has important influence on regional sustainable development. The ecological security of Nanyang, the water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, was threatened because of surface water pollution. The existing studies had not been able to comprehensively assess the ecological security and future trend of water source area.

Impact assessment on the economy, society, resource, and environment in the water-receiving cities of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion.

The Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion (MRPSNWD) is a major strategic project to alleviate the serious shortage of water resources in northern China, and it benefited 14 large- and medium-sized cities in Henan, Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin. Most of the predecessors used qualitative analysis to study the impact of the MRPSNWD on the water-receiving cities (WRCs), and they only considered one aspect of economy, society, resources, and environment, which could not fully reflect the impact of the MRPSNWD on the water-receiving cities. Therefore, based on the data of economic and social resources and environment of the water-receiving cities in the MRPSNWD from 2010 to 2019, an evaluation model based on entropy weight-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was constructed to account for the impacts on the economy-society-resources-environment of the water-receiving cities after the operation of the MRPSNWD and scientifically evaluated the comprehensive benefits of the MRPSNWD.