Publications by authors named "Tianshi D Wu"
Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) may be a risk factor for lung disease, but objective evidence is limited. We sought to define the relationship of longitudinal IR with radiographic imaging outcomes and examiner-identified incident lung disease in the Framingham Offspring Study.
Research Design And Methods: Participants without baseline lung disease underwent repeated measurements of fasting insulin and glucose levels over an average period of 13.
Impact of Antihyperglycemic Drugs on Asthma Outcomes: Diversifying the Research Portfolio.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are crucial for understanding a patient's health and well-being, with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) offering a standardized way to assess aspects of health that can't be measured physically.
- Asthma-specific PROMs have been developed to evaluate various disease characteristics, leading to inclusion in management guidelines, but real-world evidence on their effectiveness remains limited, especially for patients with poorly controlled asthma.
- Two new PROMs, the Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire and CompEx, aim to better assess asthma control and predict exacerbation risk, highlighting the need for more research on their practical use in clinical settings.
Rationale: Within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema is characterized by a significant yet partially understood B cell immune component.
Objective: To characterize the transcriptomic signatures from lymphoid follicles (LFs) in ever-smokers without COPD and COPD patients with varying degrees of emphysema.
Methods: Lung sections from 40 COPD patients and ever-smokers were used for LF proteomic and transcriptomic spatial profiling.
Portable Air Purifiers to Mitigate the Harms of Wildfire Smoke for People with Asthma.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
January 2024
Within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema is characterized by a significant yet partially understood B cell immune component. To characterize the transcriptomic signatures from lymphoid follicles (LFs) in ever-smokers without COPD and patients with COPD with varying degrees of emphysema. Lung sections from 40 patients with COPD and ever-smokers were used for LF proteomic and transcriptomic spatial profiling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolic Dysfunction, Triglyceride-Glucose Index, and Risk of Severe Asthma Exacerbation.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract
December 2023
Article Synopsis
- Metabolic conditions can negatively impact asthma, prompting researchers to find a reliable biomarker indicating metabolic dysfunction that links to asthma outcomes.
- The study examined the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of severe asthma attacks over a 5-year period among veterans.
- Results showed that a TyG score above 8.3 increases the risk of severe asthma exacerbations by 6%, suggesting that elevated TyG can help identify patients who may need more aggressive asthma treatment and potential metabolic interventions.
Importance: Many pulse oximeters have been shown to overestimate oxygen saturation in persons of color, and this phenomenon has potential clinical implications. The relationship between overestimation of oxygen saturation with timing of COVID-19 medication delivery and clinical outcomes remains unknown.
Objective: To investigate the association between overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and delay in administration of COVID-19 therapy, hospital length of stay, risk of hospital readmission, and in-hospital mortality.
Article Synopsis
- - Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in obese children with asthma, but current screening methods are not very accurate; the study aimed to identify specific survey questions that correlate with OSA in this group.
- - The study involved participants completing a survey, undergoing polysomnography, and measuring their body mass index z-score; a score above 0.33 indicated a high risk for OSA, and it was found that loud snoring, morning dry mouth, and being overweight were key indicators of OSA.
- - Results showed a prevalence of OSA at 40% among the children studied; while the overall survey had moderate predictive values, the body mass index z-score alone proved to be a more effective screening
Article Synopsis
- - This study investigated the risk factors for sarcoidosis in veterans who participated in the Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry after serving in Afghanistan or Southwest Asia.
- - A total of 661 veterans (0.37%) were diagnosed with sarcoidosis, with Hispanic veterans and Navy service members showing lower odds of the condition, while African American veterans and former smokers had increased risk.
- - The study found that sarcoidosis was rare among participants, linked primarily to convoy activities, and was only associated with one out of eight deployment-related exposure factors assessed.
Article Synopsis
- - Burnout is a widespread issue among physicians, worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly impacting personal well-being and patient care.
- - A study conducted between August and November 2021 found that over half of the surveyed physicians experienced high emotional exhaustion, particularly linked to life changes caused by the pandemic.
- - Factors like being a first-generation immigrant, older age, and being a trainee were linked to lower burnout rates, while changes in home life during COVID-19 increased emotional exhaustion by 143%.
Objective: To determine whether school infrastructure is associated with health and academic outcomes among elementary school children with asthma.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of linked medical, academic, and facilities data from a large mid-Atlantic school district of the United States. All K-5 students with asthma who were enrolled under the state's Children's Health Insurance Program were included.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the long-term respiratory effects of explosive blast overpressure waves on Veterans, expanding the focus beyond the well-documented traumatic brain injury (TBI) to understand pulmonary function.
- Researchers evaluated 307 Veterans with post-deployment health issues, classifying them based on blast exposure severity and conducting comprehensive pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
- Findings showed that despite varying levels of blast exposure, objective measures of pulmonary function were similar across all groups, indicating that blast exposure may not significantly impact respiratory health in the sample studied.
Importance: Pulse oximetry guides triage and therapy decisions for COVID-19. Whether reported racial inaccuracies in oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry are present in patients with COVID-19 and associated with treatment decisions is unknown.
Objective: To determine whether there is differential inaccuracy of pulse oximetry by race or ethnicity among patients with COVID-19 and estimate the association of such inaccuracies with time to recognition of eligibility for oxygen threshold-specific COVID-19 therapies.
Obese asthma is a unique phenotype of asthma characterized by non-allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation which responds poorly to standard asthma therapy. Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the current study was to test the effect of metformin on AHR in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndoor Air Quality Prior to and Following School Building Renovation in a Mid-Atlantic School District.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
November 2021
Children spend the majority of their time indoors, and a substantial portion of this time in the school environment. Air pollution has been shown to adversely impact lung development and has effects that extend beyond respiratory health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the indoor environment in public schools in the context of an ongoing urban renovation program to investigate the impact of school building renovation and replacement on indoor air quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Obese children with asthma are more vulnerable to air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM), but reasons are poorly understood. We hypothesised that differences in breathing patterns (tidal volume, respiratory rate and minute ventilation) due to elevated body mass index (BMI) may contribute to this finding.
Objective: To investigate the association of BMI with breathing patterns and deposition of inhaled PM.
Populations with COPD demonstrate higher survival in overweight and obese compared with normal weight; the "obesity paradox". Relationships in less-severe COPD are unclear, as is the impact of cardiovascular risk, and few studies include individuals at extremes of obesity. We examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI; defined as underweight: <20 kg·m, normal: 20-25 kg·m, overweight: 25- <30 kg·m, obese class I: 30- <35 kg·m, class II: 35- <40 kg·m and class III: ≥40 kg·m), morbidity, and mortality in the SUMMIT trial population (n=16 485), characterised by moderate COPD and heightened cardiovascular risk with a substantial proportion with class III obesity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetformin Use and Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Asthma Patients with Glycemic Dysfunction.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract
November 2021
Background: Diabetes is associated with worse asthma morbidity. Metformin, which treats diabetes, may have a role among patients with asthma and glycemic dysfunction.
Objective: To determine the association between metformin use and asthma exacerbations among patients with diabetes.