Protocol for investigating astrocytic mitochondria in neurons of adult mice using two-photon microscopy.

Under pathological conditions, astrocytes can transfer mitochondria to neurons, where they exert neuroprotective effects. In this context, we present a protocol for capturing astrocytic mitochondria in neurons of adult mice using a two-photon microscope. We describe an approach for constructing a mouse model with combined labeling of astrocytic mitochondria and neurons.

Laboratory parameters as diagnostic indicators in venous hypertensive myelopathy.

Background Context: Venous hypertension is a rare cause of myelopathy that can be misdiagnosed as myelitis and be worsened by glucocorticosteroids.

Purpose: This study is aims to identify a fluid biomarker with diagnostic value in Venous Hypertensive Myelopathy (VHM).

Study Design: a retrospective diagnostic study PATIENT SAMPLE: The patients diagnosed as having myelopathy between December 2020 and June 2022 were divided into a VHM group (n=71) and an inflammatory myelopathy (IM) group (n=123).

Inhibition of Angiopoietin-2 rescues sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations by reducing pericyte loss.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a major cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children and young adults. These lesions are thought to result from somatic KRAS/BRAF mutations in brain endothelial cells (bECs). In this study, we introduce a new bAVM model by inducing a brain endothelial-specific Braf mutation using the Slc1o1c1(BAC)-CreER driver line.

Astrocytic LRP1 enables mitochondria transfer to neurons and mitigates brain ischemic stroke by suppressing ARF1 lactylation.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytic/signaling cell-surface receptor that regulates diverse cellular functions, including cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. LRP1 has been previously implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, but there are inconsistencies in its functions. Therefore, whether and how LRP1 maintains brain homeostasis remains to be clarified.

Somatic Braf mutation in the cerebral endothelium induces brain arteriovenous malformations.

Current treatments of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) are associated with considerable risks and at times incomplete efficacy. Therefore, a clinically consistent animal model of BAVM is urgently needed to investigate its underlying biological mechanisms and develop innovative treatment strategies. Notably, existing mouse models have limited utility due to heterogenous and untypical phenotypes of AVM lesions.

Isolated sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center experience in 44 patients.

Background: Isolated sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) constitute a rare and distinctive subtype of DAVF, typically found in small case numbers or case reports. The optimal treatment for this DAVF type remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to further detail the treatment outcomes of isolated sinus DAVFs in a sizable cohort from a single center.

Isolated spinal artery aneurysm: etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.

Objective: Isolated spinal aneurysms (ISAs) are rare causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which encompass a highly heterogeneous group of clinical entities with multifarious pathogeneses, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategies. Therefore, knowledge about the ISAs remains inadequate. In this study, the authors present a comprehensive analysis of clinical data associated with ISAs at their institutions to enhance the understanding of this disease.

Middle cranial fossa non-cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: 20 years of experience.

Non-cavernous sinus (CS) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) involving the sphenoid bone are rare entities that are easily confused with one another due to the complex structure and high variability of the venous system around the middle cranial fossa. We present a large retrospective study on middle cranial fossa non-CS DAVFs and review the literature on DAVF treatment in this location as well as relative anatomy. 15 patients had DAVFs involving the lesser sphenoid wing and 11 patients had DAVFs involving the greater sphenoid wing.

Somatic variants of MAP3K3 are sufficient to cause cerebral and spinal cord cavernous malformations.

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and spinal cord cavernous malformations (SCCMs) are common vascular abnormalities of the CNS that can lead to seizure, haemorrhage and other neurological deficits. Approximately 85% of patients present with sporadic (versus congenital) CCMs. Somatic mutations in MAP3K3 and PIK3CA were recently reported in patients with sporadic CCM, yet it remains unknown whether MAP3K3 mutation is sufficient to induce CCMs.

A retrospective study of 78 adult tentorial middle line region dural arteriovenous fistulae.

Objective: Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) in the tentorial middle line region are uncommon with specific features and more cognitive disorders than any other region. The purpose of this study is to present clinical characteristics and our experience with endovascular treatment in this specific region.

Methods: During a 20-year period, 94.

Clinical and prognostic features of venous hypertensive myelopathy from craniocervical arteriovenous fistulas: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Current knowledge about venous hypertensive myelopathy (VHM) is incomplete. This study was performed with the aim of clarifying the clinical features and outcomes of craniocervical VHM.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center cohort study included 65 patients with craniocervical junction arteriovenous fistulas resulting in VHM treated in Xuanwu Hospital from January 1, 2002, to December 30, 2020.

Adult dural arteriovenous fistulas in Galen region: More to be rediscovered.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in the Galen region are the most deeply located and most complex type of dural arteriovenous fistulas. However, cases of DAVFs in this region have not been well described. Thus, we aimed to summarize the characteristics of Galenic DAVFs involving clinical symptoms, anatomical architecture, and drainage patterns, providing experientially therapeutic strategies for these lesions based on our 20 years of clinical experience.

New insight into DAVF pathology-Clues from meningeal immunity.

In recent years, with the current access in techniques, studies have significantly advanced the knowledge on meningeal immunity, revealing that the central nervous system (CNS) border acts as an immune landscape. The latest concept of meningeal immune system is a tertiary structure, which is a comprehensive overview of the meningeal immune system from macro to micro. We comprehensively reviewed recent advances in meningeal immunity, particularly the new understanding of the dural sinus and meningeal lymphatics.

De novo cerebral cavernous malformations with PIK3CA somatic mutation and EPHB4 germline mutation in a child with multiple developmental venous anomalies and cutaneous vascular malformations.

Cavernous malformations (CM) that arise in the central nervous system have long been considered congenital, while there are many reports of de novo non-familial-type CM adjacent to developmental venous anomalies (DVA) or after radiation. The mechanisms that cause de novo formations of sporadic cavernous malformation (CM) still remain unknown and purely speculative. We report a case of de novo cerebral CM in a child with multiple developmental venous anomalies and cutaneous vascular malformations.

Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: Immune and Inflammatory Perspectives.

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a type of vascular anomaly that arises due to the dyshomeostasis of brain capillary networks. In the past two decades, many advances have been made in this research field. Notably, as a more reasonable current view, the CCM lesions should be attributed to the results of a great number of additional events related to the homeostasis disorder of the endothelial cell.

Potential biomarkers of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: C4BPA and C1QA.

Background And Purpose: A major challenge in spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is timely diagnosis, but no specific predictive biomarkers are known.

Methods: In the discovery cohort (case, n = 8 vs. control, n = 8), we used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and paired plasma samples to identify differentially expressed proteins by label-free quantitative proteomics.

Membranous nephropathy classification using microscopic hyperspectral imaging and tensor patch-based discriminative linear regression.

Optical kidney biopsy, serological examination, and clinical symptoms are the main methods for membranous nephropathy (MN) diagnosis. However, false positives and undetectable biochemical components in the results of optical inspections lead to unsatisfactory diagnostic sensitivity and pose obstacles to pathogenic mechanism analysis. In order to reveal detailed component information of immune complexes of MN, microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology is employed to establish a hyperspectral database of 68 patients with two types of MN.

Deep learning-based framework for the distinction of membranous nephropathy: a new approach through hyperspectral imagery.

Background: Common subtypes seen in Chinese patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) include idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and hepatitis B virus-related membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). However, the morphologic differences are not visible under the light microscope in certain renal biopsy tissues.

Methods: We propose here a deep learning-based framework for processing hyperspectral images of renal biopsy tissue to define the difference between IMN and HBV-MN based on the component of their immune complex deposition.

AGAP2-AS1 May Promote the Occurrence and Development of Glioblastoma by Sponging miR-9-5p: Evidence From a ceRNA Network.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the primary malignant brain tumor, is typically associated with a poor prognosis and poor quality of life, mainly due to the lack of early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, gene sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis are currently being actively utilized to explore potential targets for the diagnosis and management of malignancy. Herein, based on a variety of bioinformatics tools for the reverse prediction of target genes associated with the prognosis of GBM, a ceRNA network of AGAP2-AS1-miR-9-5p-MMP2/MMP9 was constructed, and a potential therapeutic target for GBM was identified.