[M2 macrophages inhibit CD8 T cells and facilitate the malignant biological behavior of esophageal cancer cells].

Objective To explore the impact of M2 macrophages on the malignant biological behavior of esophageal cancer by inhibiting the anti-tumor ability of CD8 T cells. Methods Using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) combined with interleukin 4 (IL-4)/IL-13, we induced human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) to become M2 macrophages and the detected related inflammatory factors by real-time quantitative PCR. We used magnetic bead sorting to isolate CD8 T cells from healthy volunteers' peripheral blood, and verified the purity of the sorted cells by flow cytometry.

A telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome assembly of avocado provides useful resources for identifying genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis and disease resistance.

Avocado ( Mill.) is an economically valuable plant because of the high fatty acid content and unique flavor of its fruits. Its fatty acid content, especially the relatively high unsaturated fatty acid content, provides significant health benefits.

Long-Term Thermal Stability of Ionic Surfactants for Improving Oil Production at High-Salinity High-Temperature Conditions.

Surfactants with stable chemical structures and robust ability are required to lower interfacial tension and stabilize emulsions for successful chemical injection applications. This work selected six surfactants, dodecyl carboxylic sodium (LAS), dodecyl sulfonate dodecyl sodium (SLS), dodecyl sulfate sodium (SDS), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), 3-(,-dimethylmyristylammonio) propanesulfonate (SB3-14) and a sulfobetaine formulation (PCT-10), and systematically investigated the ionic-type effects on thermal stability at 95 °C for 150 days in high-salinity water (total dissolved solids (TDS) = 57,600 ppm). With characterizations of aged samples performed through a spinning drop tensiometer, high-performance liquid chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy, it can be seen that the long-term stability sequence of ionic surfactants in solutions is sulfobetaine ≈ quaternary ammonium > sulfonate > sulfate > carboxylate.

Si Doping Enables Activity and Stability Enhancement on Atomically Dispersed Fe-N /C Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Acid.

Fe-N-C represents the most promising non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, but often suffers from poor stability in acid due to the dissolution of metal sites and the poor oxidation resistance of carbon substrates. In this work, silicon-doped iron-nitrogen-carbon (Si/Fe-N-C) catalysts were developed by in situ silicon doping and metal-polymer coordination. It was found that Si doping could not only promote the density of Fe-N /C active sites but also elevated the content of graphitic carbon through catalytic graphitization.