Advances in studies on tracheal stent design addressing the related complications.

Tracheal stents can be used to quickly reconstruct the airway and relieve symptoms of dyspnea in patients with tracheal stenosis. However, existing tracheal stents lead to complications such as granulation tissue formation, difficulty in removal, persistent growth of malignant tumors, stent migration, and mucus plugging. In this article, we reviewed the main methods used to reduce complications associated with tracheal stent design.

A quantitative study of the effects of a dual layer coating drug-eluting stent on safety and efficacy.

A key strategy for increasing drug mass (DM) while maintaining good safety is to improve the drug release profile (RP). We designed a dual layer coating drug-eluting stent (DES) that exhibited smaller concentration gradients between the coating and the artery wall and significantly impacted the drug RP. However, a detailed understanding of the effects of the DES designed by our team on safety and efficacy is still lacking.

[Structural design of "fitness" and "feasibility" of body-fitted stent and its mechanical analysis].

To address the conflict between the "fitness" and "feasibility" of body-fitted stents, this paper investigates the impact of various smoothing design strategies on the mechanical behaviour and apposition performance of stent. Based on the three-dimensional projection method, the projection region was fitted with the least squares method (fitting orders 1-6 corresponded to models 1-6, respectively) to achieve the effect of smoothing the body-fitted stent. The simulation included the crimping and expansion process of six groups of stents in stenotic vessels with different degrees of plaque calcification.

A non-enhanced CT-based deep learning diagnostic system for COVID-19 infection at high risk among lung cancer patients.

Background: Pneumonia and lung cancer have a mutually reinforcing relationship. Lung cancer patients are prone to contracting COVID-19, with poorer prognoses. Additionally, COVID-19 infection can impact anticancer treatments for lung cancer patients.

Overall and subgroup prevalence of self-reported asthma in US adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the variations in the prevalence of self-reported asthma among the adult population in the United States of America (USA), analyzing demographic characteristics, physical indicators, living habits, and sarcopenia.

Methods: 10,566 participants from the 2009 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the USA who were 20 years of age or older and not pregnant were included in the study.

Results: The prevalence of patients with asthma varies by age, gender, and race.

The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China.

Tyrannosaurids were the most derived group of Tyrannosauroidea and are characterized by having two body plans: gracile, long-snouted and robust, deep-snouted skulls. Both groups lived sympatrically in central Asia. Here, we report a new deep-snouted tyrannosaurid, Asiatyrannus xui gen.

Research progress of KL-6 in respiratory system diseases.

This article comprehensively elucidates the discovery of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), its structural features, functional mechanisms, and the current research status in various respiratory system diseases. Discovered in 1985, KL-6 was initially considered a tumor marker, but its elevated levels in interstitial lung disease (ILD) led to its recognition as a relevant serum marker for ILD. KL-6 is primarily produced by type 2 alveolar epithelial cell regeneration.

PHE-SICH-CT-IDS: A benchmark CT image dataset for evaluation semantic segmentation, object detection and radiomic feature extraction of perihematomal edema in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background And Objective: Intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the diseases with the highest mortality and poorest prognosis worldwide. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) typically presents acutely, prompt and expedited radiological examination is crucial for diagnosis, localization, and quantification of the hemorrhage. Early detection and accurate segmentation of perihematomal edema (PHE) play a critical role in guiding appropriate clinical intervention and enhancing patient prognosis.

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Degradation and Fatigue Damage of Degradable Zinc Alloy Stents.

Current research on the fatigue properties of degradable zinc alloy stents has not yet considered the issue of the fatigue life changing with material properties during the dynamic degradation process. Therefore, in this paper, we established a fatigue damage algorithm to study the fatigue problem affected by the changing of material properties during the dynamic degradation process of the stent under the action of pulsating cyclic loading. Three models: the dynamic degradation model, the dynamic degradation model under pulsating cyclic loading, and the coupled model of fatigue damage and dynamic degradation, were developed to verify the effect of fatigue damage on stent life.

Methods for improving the properties of zinc for the application of biodegradable vascular stents.

Biodegradable stents can support vessels for an extended period, maintain vascular patency, and progressively degrade once vascular remodeling is completed, thereby reducing the constraints of traditional metal stents. An ideal degradable stent must have good mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility. Zinc has become a new type of biodegradable metal after magnesium and iron, owing to its suitable degradation rate and good biocompatibility.

A comprehensive survey of intestine histopathological image analysis using machine vision approaches.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is currently one of the most common and deadly cancers. CRC is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It ranks as the second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and other developed countries.

Biomechanical Study and Analysis for Cardiovascular/Skeletal Materials and Devices.

The Special Issue entitled "Biomechanical Study and Analysis for Cardiovascular/Skeletal Materials and Devices" addresses biological functional materials and devices relevant to cardiovascular diseases and orthopedic conditions [...

Effects of dynamization timing and degree on bone healing of different fracture types.

Dynamization, that is, increasing interfragmentary movement (IFM) by reducing fixation stiffness from a rigid to a more flexible state, has been successfully used in clinical practice to promote fracture healing. However, it remains unclear how dynamization timing and degree affect bone healing of different fracture types. Finite element models of tibial fractures based on the OTA/AO classification (Simple: A1-Spiral, A2-Oblique, A3-Transverse; Wedge: B2-Spiral, B3-Fragmented; Complex: C2-Segment, C3-Irregular), in combination with fuzzy logic-based mechano-regulatory tissue differentiation algorithms, were used to simulate the healing process when dynamization of varied degrees (dynamization coefficient or DC = 0-0.

Biomechanical Characteristics and Analysis Approaches of Bone and Bone Substitute Materials.

Bone has a special structure that is both stiff and elastic, and the composition of bone confers it with an exceptional mechanical property. However, bone substitute materials that are made of the same hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen do not offer the same mechanical properties. It is important for bionic bone preparation to understand the structure of bone and the mineralization process and factors.

Low dose of esketamine combined with propofol in painless fibronchoscopy in elderly patients.

To explore the effects and safety of low dose of esketamine combined with propofol in elderly patients undergoing fibronchoscopy. Eighty elderly patients who underwent painless fibronchoscopy in our hospital from June 2021 to September 2021 were recruited,and randomly divided into experimental group (esketamine 0.15mg/ kg + propofol 1mg/ kg) and control group (sufentanil 0.

A dimer-monomer transition captured by the crystal structures of cyanobacterial apo flavodoxin.

In cyanobacteria and algae (but not plants), flavodoxin (Fld) replaces ferredoxin (Fd) under stress conditions to transfer electrons from photosystem I (PSI) to ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) during photosynthesis. Fld constitutes a small electron carrier noncovalently bound to flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and also an ideal model for revealing the protein/flavin-binding mechanism because of its relative simplicity compared to other flavoproteins. Here, we report two crystal structures of apo-Fld from Synechococcus sp.

Computational simulation of stent thrombosis induced by various degrees of stent malapposition.

Percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation is one of the most commonly used approaches to treat coronary artery stenosis. Stent malapposition (SM) can increase the incidence of stent thrombosis, but the quantitative association between SM distance and stent thrombosis is poorly clarified. The objective of this study is to determine the biomechanical reaction mechanisms underlying stent thrombosis induced by SM and to quantify the effect of different SM severity grades on thrombosis.

Effect of the accordion technique on bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis: A computational study.

Background And Objective: Distraction osteogenesis (DO), a bone lengthening technique, is widely employed to treat congenital and acquired limb length discrepancies and large segmental bone defects. However, a major issue of DO is the prolonged consolidation phase (10-36 months) during which patients must wear a cumbersome external fixator. Attempts have been made to accelerate the healing process of DO by an alternating distraction and compression mode (so-called "accordion" technique or AT).

Zinc-Based Biodegradable Materials for Orthopaedic Internal Fixation.

Traditional inert materials used in internal fixation have caused many complications and generally require removal with secondary surgeries. Biodegradable materials, such as magnesium (Mg)-, iron (Fe)- and zinc (Zn)-based alloys, open up a new pathway to address those issues. During the last decades, Mg-based alloys have attracted much attention by researchers.

Finite Element Analysis of the Non-Uniform Degradation of Biodegradable Vascular Stents.

Most of the studies on the finite element analysis (FEA) of biodegradable vascular stents (BVSs) during the degradation process have limited the accuracy of the simulation results due to the application of the uniform degradation model. This paper aims to establish an FEA model for the non-uniform degradation of BVSs by considering factors such as the dynamic changes of the corrosion properties and material properties of the element, as well as the pitting corrosion and stress corrosion. The results revealed that adjusting the corrosion rate according to the number of exposed surfaces of the element and reducing the stress threshold according to the corrosion status accelerates the degradation time of BVSs by 26% and 25%, respectively, compared with the uniform degradation model.

Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the bone matrix.

The bone matrix plays an indispensable role in the human body, and its unique biomechanical and mechanobiological properties have received much attention. The bone matrix has unique mechanical anisotropy and exhibits both strong toughness and high strength. These mechanical properties are closely associated with human life activities and correspond to the function of bone in the human body.

mineralized homogeneous collagen-based scaffolds for potential guided bone regeneration.

For guided bone regeneration (GBR) in clinical orthopedics, the importance of a suitable scaffold which can provide the space needed for bone regeneration and simultaneously promotes the new bone formation cannot be overemphasized. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and similarity in structure and composition to natural bone, the mineralized collagen-based scaffolds have been increasingly considered as promising GBR scaffolds. Herein, we propose a novel method to fabricate anmineralized homogeneous collagen-based scaffold (IMHCS) with excellent osteogenic capability for GBR by electrospinning the collagen solution in combination with essential mineral ions.

Texture Analysis of Enhanced MRI and Pathological Slides Predicts EGFR Mutation Status in Breast Cancer.

Objective: Image texture information was extracted from enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological hematoxylin and eosin- (HE-) stained images of female breast cancer patients. We established models individually, and then, we combine the two kinds of data to establish model. Through this method, we verified whether sufficient information could be obtained from enhanced MRI and pathological slides to assist in the determination of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in patients.