Novel Leflunomide Analog, UTLOH-4e, Ameliorates Gouty Arthritis Induced by Monosodium Urate NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by intra-articular deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals; however, there is a tremendous lack of safe and effective therapy in the clinic.

Objective: The goal of this work was to investigate a novel leflunomide analogue, N-(2,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (UTLOH-4e), for its potential to prevent/ treat gouty arthritis.

Methods: In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of UTLOH-4e was evaluated by MSUinduced GA model and , and the molecular docking test was applied to estimate the affinity of UTLOH-4e/UTL-5g/b for MAPKs, NF-κB, and NLRP3.

Berberine prevents diabetic retinopathy through inhibiting HIF-1α /VEGF/ NF-κ B pathway in db/db mice.

Our paper investigated the effect of berberine on the diabetic retinopathy (DR) in transgenic mice and explored its possible mechanisms. During chronic intragastric administration for ten weeks, berberine could decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose, TC and TG without hepatotoxicity. Moreover, berberine could protect the retinal morphology against the hyperglycemic insults and decrease glycogen accumulation, the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the retinas, as demonstrated by HE staining, PAS staining and ELISA kits, respectively.

Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates diabetes profiles of db/db mice by altering the composition of gut microbiota and up-regulating the expression of GLP-1 in the pancreas.

Diabetes is a worldwide healthy concern, which affects approximately 9% of the population. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is the main metabolite of curcumin, which exerts the anti-diabetic activity. However, the underlying mechanism has not been clarified.