Leveraging printability and biocompatibility in materials for printing implantable vessel scaffolds.

Vessel scaffolds are crucial for treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is currently feasible to fabricate vessel scaffolds from a variety of materials using traditional fabrication methods, but the risks of thrombus formation, chronic inflammation, and atherosclerosis associated with these scaffolds have led to significant limitations in the clinical usages. Bioprinting, as an emerging technology, has great potential in constructing implantable vessel scaffolds.

Multiple thyroid disorders and risk of osteoporosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Previous research has demonstrated that even minor changes in thyroid function are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis (OP). However, the causal relationship between thyroid disorders and the development of OP remains unclear. To address this, we aim to investigate the connection between genetic predispositions to various thyroid disorders and OP using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Bioactive peptides and proteins for tissue repair: microenvironment modulation, rational delivery, and clinical potential.

Bioactive peptides and proteins (BAPPs) are promising therapeutic agents for tissue repair with considerable advantages, including multifunctionality, specificity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, the high complexity of tissue microenvironments and their inherent deficiencies such as short half-live and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, adversely affect their therapeutic efficacy and clinical applications. Investigating the fundamental mechanisms by which BAPPs modulate the microenvironment and developing rational delivery strategies are essential for optimizing their administration in distinct tissue repairs and facilitating clinical translation.

Photoluminescence properties of two-dimensional semiconductor heterointerfaces.

Two-dimensional metal-sulfur compounds have attracted much attention due to their novel physical properties, such as layered structure, ultrathin physical dimensions, and continuously tunable bandgap. The vertical stacking of different 2D semiconductors enables the heterojunction to retain the excellent properties of its constituent materials and has physical properties such as interlayer energy transfer and interlayer carrier transfer. In this paper, we utilize the carrier interlayer transfer properties of p-n heterojunctions and form heterojunctions using p-type Te and PdSe prepared with n-type monolayer WS using the microzone transfer technique.

Associations between volatile organic compounds exposure and multiple oxidative damage biomarkers: Method development, human exposure, and application for e-waste pollution prediction.

Atmospheric monitoring studies reveal substantial health risks from exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for workers and nearby children in e-waste recycling areas (ERA), yet internal exposure risks are seldom examined. To address this, we developed a method to simultaneously analyze 12 urinary VOC metabolites (mVOCs) and oxidative damage biomarkers (ODBs) in workers and children from ERA and general adults from control areas using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS). The results showed that e-waste workers exhibited significantly higher levels of VOC exposure and ODBs than e-waste children and control adults.

Molybdenum nanodots act as antioxidants for photothermal therapy osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) manifests as the degradation of cartilage and remodeling of subchondral bone. Restoring homeostasis within the joint is imperative for alleviating OA symptoms. Current interventions primarily target singular aspects, such as anti-aging, inflammation inhibition, free radical scavenging, and regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone.

The trade-off anionic modulation in metal-organic glasses showing color-tunable persistent luminescence.

Ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials provide exciting opportunities for the rational design of persistent luminescence owing to their long-lived excitons. However, conventional rare-earth-based all-inorganic emitters involve high cost and harsh synthesis conditions, and purely organic systems may require complicated synthesis routes and tedious purification. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a cost-effective and easily manufacturable method for achieving color-tunable RTP-TADF with a long afterglow.

Osteoporotic osseointegration: therapeutic hallmarks and engineering strategies.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Current treatments primarily involve systemic medication and hormone therapy. However, these systemic treatments lack directionality and are often ineffective for locally severe osteoporosis, with the potential for complex adverse reactions.

Full-color, time-valve controllable and Janus-type long-persistent luminescence from all-inorganic halide perovskites.

Long persistent luminescence (LPL) has gained considerable attention for the applications in decoration, emergency signage, information encryption and biomedicine. However, recently developed LPL materials - encompassing inorganics, organics and inorganic-organic hybrids - often display monochromatic afterglow with limited functionality. Furthermore, triplet exciton-based phosphors are prone to thermal quenching, significantly restricting their high emission efficiency.

Cross-species signaling pathways analysis inspire animal model selections for drug screening and target prediction in vascular aging diseases.

Age is a significant contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pharmacological treatment can effectively alleviate CVD symptoms caused by aging. However, 90% of the drugs have failed in clinics because of the loss of drug effects or the occurrence of the side effects.

Burden evaluation and prediction of osteoarthritis and site-specific osteoarthritis coupled with attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2030.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate and predict the burden of osteoarthritis (OA) and site-specific OA (hip, knee, hand, and others) from 1990 to 2030 and their attributable risk factors in China.

Method: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. The burden was estimated by analyzing the trends of prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY).

A flexible ligand and halogen engineering enable one phosphor-based full-color persistent luminescence in hybrid perovskitoids.

Color-tunable room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have raised wide interest due to their potential application in the fields of encryption and anti-counterfeiting. Herein, a series of CdX-organic hybrid perovskitoids, (H-apim)CdX and (apim)CdX (denoted as CdX-apim1 and CdX-apim2, apim = 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, X = Cl, Br), were synthesized using apim with both rigid and flexible groups as ligands, which exhibit naked-eye detectable RTP with different durations and colors (from cyan to red) by virtue of different halogen atoms, coordination modes and the coplanar configuration of flexible groups. Interestingly, CdCl-apim1 and CdX-apim2 both exhibit excitation wavelength-dependent RTP properties, which can be attributed to the multiple excitation of imidazole/apim, the diverse interactions with halogen atoms, and aggregated state of imidazoles.

A parathyroid hormone related supramolecular peptide for multi-functionalized osteoregeneration.

Supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels are emerging biomaterials for tissue engineering, but it is difficult to fabricate multi-functional systems by simply mixing several short-motif-modified supramolecular peptides because relatively abundant motifs generally hinder nanofiber cross-linking or the formation of long nanofiber. Coupling bioactive factors to the assembling backbone is an ideal strategy to design multi-functional supramolecular peptides in spite of challenging synthesis and purification. Herein, a multi-functional supramolecular peptide, P1R16, is developed by coupling a bioactive factor, parathyroid hormone related peptide 1 (PTHrP-1), to the basic supramolecular peptide RADA16-Ⅰ via solid-phase synthesis.

Bioprinted vascular tissue: Assessing functions from cellular, tissue to organ levels.

3D bioprinting technology is widely used to fabricate various tissue structures. However, the absence of vessels hampers the ability of bioprinted tissues to receive oxygen and nutrients as well as to remove wastes, leading to a significant reduction in their survival rate. Despite the advancements in bioinks and bioprinting technologies, bioprinted vascular structures continue to be unsuitable for transplantation compared to natural blood vessels.

A Novel PTH-Related Peptide Combined With 3D Printed Macroporous Titanium Alloy Scaffold Enhances Osteoporotic Osseointegration.

Previous parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptides (PTHrPs) cannot be used to prevent implant loosening in osteoporosis patients due to the catabolic effect of local sustained release. A novel PTHrP (PTHrP-2) that can be used locally to promote osseointegration of macroporous titanium alloy scaffold (mTAS) and counteract implant slippage in osteoporosis patients is designed. In vitro, PTHrP-2 enhances the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) within the mTAS.

Hyperprogressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immunotherapy: underlying killer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target the negative regulatory pathway of T cells and effectively reactive the anti-tumor immune function of T cells by blocking the key pathway of the immune escape mechanism of the tumor-PD-1/PD-L1, and fundamentally changing the prospect of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients. However, such promising immunotherapy is overshadowed by Hyperprogressive Disease, a response pattern associated with unwanted accelerated tumor growth and characterized by poor prognosis in a fraction of treated patients. This review comprehensively provides an overview of Hyperprogressive Disease in immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer including its definition, biomarkers, mechanisms, and treatment.

Enhanced Transport and Optoelectronic Properties of van der Waals Materials on CaF Films.

To achieve better properties of van der Waals (vdW) devices, vdW heterointerfaces with substrates such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were introduced to alleviate adverse substrate effects. However, the premature dielectric breakdown and its scale limitation make wider application of h-BN substrates challenging. Here we report a fluoride-based substrate that substantially improves optoelectronic and transport properties of dichalcogenide devices, with enhancement factors comparable to those of h-BN.

Zn-Sr-sintered true bone ceramics enhance bone repair and regeneration.

Bone defects are one of the toughest challenges faced by orthopedic surgeons worldwide, especially at critical sizes, which are caused by severe trauma, malignancy, or congenital disease. The ideal bone tissue-engineered scaffold for bone regeneration is the one that has good osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, pore structure, and antibacterial properties. Metal ions have been recognized in recent years to be essential regulators of bone metabolism, and they are widely used for bone tissue engineering.

"Smart" Stimuli-responsive Injectable Gels for Bone Tissue Engineering Application.

Bone grafting, as the current gold-standard for large scaled bone damage of various causes, has faced challenges from both the source and appliance. Emerging new tissue engineering substitutes are demonstrating more options and possibilities, with their improved biocompatibility, accessibility, and customizable function. Amongst them, injectable gels (IGs) are a class of gel material displaying astonishing non-invasive properties and surgical viability.

Strategies of Macrophages to Maintain Bone Homeostasis and Promote Bone Repair: A Narrative Review.

Bone homeostasis (a healthy bone mass) is regulated by maintaining a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation. The regulation of physiological bone remodeling by a complex system that involves multiple cells in the skeleton is closely related to bone homeostasis. Loss of bone mass or repair of bone is always accompanied by changes in bone homeostasis.

Evaluation of a lung cancer screening programme attracting a cohort to actively participate in screening: Honghe Lung Cancer Medical Center Programme.

Background: A lung cancer screening project was conducted by attracting active participation to evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness in areas with poor basic medical education.

Methods: This project entailed a prospective, single-arm study which was conducted by means of delivering a lecture on lung cancer at the Honghe Lung Cancer Medical Center to attract public attention and attendance from 28 November 2020 to 21 December 2021. A questionnaire comprising 7 high-risk factors was completed by participants to identify high-risk individuals for further chest low-dose computed tomography examination.

Leveraging Crystalline and Amorphous States of a Metal-Organic Complex for Transformation of the Photosalient Effect and Positive-Negative Photochromism.

Uncovering differences between crystalline and amorphous states in molecular solids would both promote the understanding of their structure-property relationships, as well as inform development of multi-functional materials based on the same compound. Herein, for the first time, we report an approach to leverage crystalline and amorphous states of a zero-dimensional metal-organic complex, which exhibited negative and positive photochromism, due to the competitive chemical routes between photocycloaddition and photogenerated radicals. Furthermore, different polymorphs lead to the on/off toggling of photo-burst movement (photosalient effect), indicating the controllable light-mechanical conversion.

Antimicrobial peptides for bone tissue engineering: Diversity, effects and applications.

Bone tissue engineering has been becoming a promising strategy for surgical bone repair, but the risk of infection during trauma repair remains a problematic health concern worldwide, especially for fracture and infection-caused bone defects. Conventional antibiotics fail to effectively prevent or treat bone infections during bone defect repair because of drug-resistance and recurrence, so novel antibacterial agents with limited resistance are highly needed for bone tissue engineering. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) characterized by cationic, hydrophobic and amphipathic properties show great promise to be used as next-generation antibiotics which rarely induce resistance and show potent antibacterial efficacy.