Theoretical and experimental studies on channel impulse response of short-range non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications.

A theoretical channel impulse response (CIR) model of short-range non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet communications (UVC) in noncoplanar geometry under the single-scatter condition is proposed. Simulation results obtained from the widely accepted Monte-Carlo (MC)-based channel model of NLOS UVC are provided to verify corresponding theoretical results obtained from the proposed theoretical single-scatter CIR model. Additionally, an outdoor experiment with a light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source is first designed to measure the channel step response of NLOS UVC and to further validate the proposed theoretical single-scatter CIR model.

Parental smoking exposure before and during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder risk: A Chinese child and adolescent cohort study.

Background: Previous studies revealed that maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy was an essential risk factor for offspring developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The impact of paternal smoking exposure 1 year before pregnancy on offspring ADHD risk is still unclear.

Methods: The present study included 2,477 school-age children and their parents from the Shanghai Child and Adolescent Health Cohort who had complete data for offspring ADHD diagnosis and parents' smoking exposure before and during pregnancy information.

Dorzagliatin add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Metformin, the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D), decreases hepatic glucose production and reduces fasting plasma glucose levels. Dorzagliatin, a dual-acting orally bioavailable glucokinase activator targeting both the pancreas and liver glucokinase, decreases postprandial glucose in patients with T2D. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, the efficacy and safety of dorzagliatin as an add-on therapy to metformin were assessed in patients with T2D who had inadequate glycemic control using metformin alone.

Single-collision-induced path loss model of reflection-assisted non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications.

By considering both scattering and reflection events as collision-induced events (CIEs), an analytical path loss model of reflection-assisted non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet communications (UVC) is proposed with single CIE incorporated, which refers to the single-collision-induced (SCI) path loss model. More specifically, the analytical expressions of the received optical energy resulting from single-scatter and single-reflection events in reflection-assisted NLOS UVC are respectively derived. Then, in terms of those two expressions, the expression of the proposed SCI path loss model is obtained.

Modeling of ultraviolet propagation from air to human epidermis with wavelength range of 200-300 nm.

Ultraviolet (UV) technology plays an important role in the fields of sterilization, disinfection, and short-range wireless optical communications. In this Letter, a theoretical model to determine the UV radiation intensity (UVRI) on human skin is put forward based on the Monte Carlo method, where the UV wavelength ranges from 200 to 300 nm. Meanwhile, the UVRI evaluation algorithm is provided to reproduce the simulation results.

Modeling of UV diffused-LOS communication channel incorporating obstacle and its applicability analysis.

Existing studies of the ultraviolet (UV) channel mainly focus on non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, while line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios are generally neglected since obstacles sometimes block them. To fill this gap, a UV diffused-LOS channel model in the presence of an obstacle is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. For easy interpretation, the whole derivation is combined with four typical positions of the obstacle.

Single-scatter path loss model of LED-based non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.46, 4013 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.

Single-scatter path loss model of LED-based non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are popularly used as light sources in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet communications (UVC). However, currently reported single-scatter path loss (PL) models of NLOS UVC links assume that the radiant intensity of the light source is uniformly distributed within the beam divergence angle, which cannot well characterize the light emission pattern of LEDs. In this Letter, we propose a single-scatter PL model for LED-based NLOS UVC systems, and the corresponding analytical expression is derived by modeling the LED emission pattern as a Lambertian distribution.

Gender-specific association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus among a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population: An observational study.

Limited data are available regarding the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the gender-specific association between NAFLD and T2DM risk in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.This cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 1492 Chinese adults (60.

Modeling of ultraviolet omni-directional multiple scattering channel based on Monte Carlo method.

Existing studies of ultraviolet (UV) communication channel models focus mainly on point-to-point scenarios. To analyze UV channel characteristics in omni-directional scenarios, we propose a multiple scattering omni-directional channel model based on the Monte Carlo method in this Letter, where we assume that the receiver can be anywhere in a certain area and all the receivers point to the vertical axis of the transmitter. Meanwhile, we validate the proposed model in comparison to the existing point-to-point Monte Carlo simulation model.

Modeling of ultraviolet scattering propagation and its applicability analysis: erratum.

This erratum provides corrections to Fig. 1, Eqs. (1b) and (6b), and Case (e) of Opt.

Modeling of ultraviolet scattering propagation and its applicability analysis.

The existing ultraviolet (UV) single scattering models do not incorporate the applicability of transceiver geometry, which makes them have certain errors even in short-range cases. To solve this issue, we propose a single scattering model in this Letter, which is suitable for the case where the transceiver field of view is above ground. This meets the requirements of general UV communication.

Reduced interleukin-38 in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with tumour progression.

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to its high incidence, malignant behaviour and lack of major advancements in treatment strategy. The occurrence and development of lung cancer is closely related to inflammation. Thus, we conducted the present study to investigate the effects of IL-38 (interleukin-38), a newly identified anti-inflammatory factor, on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers.

Plasma Homocysteine and Serum Folate and Vitamin B Levels in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for brain atrophy, cognitive impairment, and dementia. Vitamin B and folate are cofactors necessary for the methylation of Hcy. However, there is some debate regarding the differing levels of plasma Hcy and serum folate and vitamin B among healthy controls, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Allicin inhibits tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation under high glucose conditions .

Previous studies have suggested that tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important event in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, which is a clinical characteristic of diabetic nephropathy. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of allicin, the major biological active component of garlic, on the EMT of a human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) cultured under high glucose concentrations. HK-2 cells were exposed for 48 h to 5.

Folic acid supplementation improves cognitive function by reducing the levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines in elderly Chinese subjects with MCI.

This study aimed to evaluate whether folic acid supplementation would improve cognitive performance by reducing serum inflammatory cytokine concentrations. This RCT was performed in Tianjin, China. Participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were randomly assigned to the folic acid (400 μg/day) or conventional treatment groups.

Factors Associated with Frontotemporal Dementia in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: There is a growing focus on frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, compared with other major dementias, very little is known about the factors associated with FTD. The present study evaluated candidate factors associated with FTD in the Chinese population.

Effects of DHA Supplementation on Hippocampal Volume and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, and higher DHA intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer's disease. The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have not been fully examined. Our study aimed to determine the effect of DHA supplementation on cognitive function and hippocampal atrophy in elderly subjects with MCI.

Relationship between plasma lipids and mild cognitive impairment in the elderly Chinese: a case-control study.

Background: High lipid levels may constitute a more important risk factor for cognitive health in previous studies. However, the association of plasma lipids with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people had not been studied exactly. This study aims to explore the relationship between plasma lipids/lipoproteins and the risk of MCI in elderly Chinese individuals.

Protective effects of allicin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Background: Studies in animal models have shown that allicin, a major biologically active component of garlic, can play a role in the prevention of tissue fibrosis in the liver, lung and heart, mainly related to the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, fibrogenic cytokine secretion and extracellular matrix synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of allicin on renal damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were administered allicin (15, 30 and 45 mg · kg  · day ) via daily intra-gastric gavage for 12 weeks.

Folic Acid Supplementation Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease by Reducing Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/Aims. Low serum folate levels can alter inflammatory reactions. Both phenomena have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the effect of folic acid on AD itself is unclear.

Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Its Subtypes among Chinese Older Adults: Role of Vascular Risk Factors.

Background/aims: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes among Chinese older adults, and the contribution of vascular risk factors (VRF) and vascular disorders to MCI remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of MCI and its different subtypes, and clarify the role of VRF and vascular diseases in the occurrence of MCI.

Methods: A random sample of 5,214 nondementia (DSM-IV) individuals aged ≥65 years underwent neuropsychological assessments and clinical examinations.