Mitigating ammonia volatilization in rice cultivation: The impact of partial organic fertilizer substitution.

Optimizing water and nitrogen management to minimize NH volatilization from paddy fields has been extensively studied. However, there is limited research on the combined effect of different rates of organic fertilizer substitution (OFS) and irrigation methods in rice cultivation, exploring an effective water and nitrogen combination is beneficial to mitigate NH volatilization. To address this gap, we conducted a two-year field experiment to investigate NH volatilization under different OFS rates (0%, 25%, and 50%) combined with continuous flooding irrigation (CF) and alternate wet and dry irrigation (AWD).

A combination of organic fertilizers partially substitution with alternate wet and dry irrigation could further reduce greenhouse gases emission in rice field.

Alternate wet and dry (AWD) irrigation and organic fertilizers substitution (OFS) have contrasting effects on CH and NO emissions in rice cultivation. Combining these two practices may be feasible for simultaneous reduction of CH and NO emission from paddy. Hence, we conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the reduction of greenhouse gases under the combination of AWD and OFS.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADPH oxidase 4 control STAT3 activity in melanoma cells through a pathway involving reactive oxygen species, c-SRC and SHP2.

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) participates in glucose utilization by catalysing the first step of the pentose-phosphate pathway in mammalian cells. Previous studies have shown that changes in G6PD levels can promote tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis via the STAT3/5 pathway in a human melanoma xenograft model. G6PD cooperates with NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the cellular metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in maintaining the intracellular redox state.