Filamin FLN-2 promotes MVB biogenesis by mediating vesicle docking on the actin cytoskeleton.

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) contain intralumenal vesicles that are delivered to lysosomes for degradation or released extracellularly for intercellular signaling. Here, we identified Caenorhabditis elegans filamin FLN-2 as a novel regulator of MVB biogenesis. FLN-2 co-localizes with V-ATPase subunits on MVBs, and the loss of FLN-2 affects MVB biogenesis, reducing the number of MVBs in C.

VerZ, a Zn(II)Cys DNA-binding protein, regulates the biosynthesis of verticillin in .

Verticillins are the dimeric epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) produced by the fungus . Despite their profound biological effects, they are commonly produced in rice medium as complex mixtures that are difficult to separate, limiting further study and evaluation for this class of metabolites. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the regulation of verticillin biosynthesis.

Functional analysis of the selective autophagy related gene Acatg11 in Acremonium chrysogenum.

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation system in eukaryotes. Selective autophagy is used for the degradation of selective cargoes. Selective autophagic processes of yeast include pexophagy, mitophagy, and cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway in which particular vacuolar proteins, such asaminopeptidase I (Ape1), are selectively transported to vacuoles.