Integrating multi-layered biological priors to improve genomic prediction accuracy in beef cattle.

Background: Integrating multi-layered information can enhance the accuracy of genomic prediction for complex traits. However, the improvement and application of effective strategies for genomic prediction (GP) using multi-omics data remains challenging.

Methods: We generated 11 feature sets for sequencing variants from genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics data in beef cattle, then we assessed the contribution of functional variants using genomic restricted maximum likelihood (GREML).

Non-image-forming photoreceptors improve visual orientation selectivity and image perception.

It has long been a decades-old dogma that image perception is mediated solely by rods and cones, while intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are responsible only for non-image-forming vision, such as circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflexes. Surprisingly, we discovered that ipRGC activation enhances the orientation selectivity of layer 2/3 neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice by both increasing preferred-orientation responses and narrowing tuning bandwidth. Mechanistically, we found that the tuning properties of V1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons are differentially influenced by ipRGC activation, leading to a reshaping of the excitatory/inhibitory balance that enhances visual cortical orientation selectivity.

E2F1 and E2F7 regulate gastric cancer cell proliferation, respectively, through transcriptional activation and transcriptional repression of MYBL2.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. However, the molecular pathogenesis is not well understood. Through bioinformatic analysis and analyzing clinical tissue samples, we found that E2F1 and E2F7 as well as their potential downstream target MYBL2 were all upregulated in GC tissues and that their expressions correlated with patient prognosis.

Room-temperature non-volatile optical manipulation of polar order in a charge density wave.

Utilizing ultrafast light-matter interaction to manipulate electronic states of quantum materials is an emerging area of research in condensed matter physics. It has significant implications for the development of future ultrafast electronic devices. However, the ability to induce long-lasting metastable electronic states in a fully reversible manner is a long-standing challenge.

The evaluation of cytokines in predicting the organ injury of critically pediatric patients: a retrospective study.

Background: The current early warning model for organ damage in critically ill patients has certain limitations. Based on the pathological mechanism, the establishment of an early warning system for organ damage in critically ill children using cytokines profile has not been explored. The aim of this study is to explore the predicting value of cytokines in critically ill patients.

Posttranslational modifications of E2F family members in the physiological state and in cancer: Roles, mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

The E2F transcription factor family, whose members are encoded by the E2F1-E2F8 genes, plays pivotal roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, stemness, metastasis, aging, angiogenesis, tumor promotion or suppression, and other biological processes. The activity of E2Fs is regulated at multiple levels, with posttranslational modifications being an important regulatory mechanism. There are numerous types of posttranslational modifications, among which phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are the most commonly studied in the context of the E2F family.

Deep Learning-Based Microscopic Cell Detection Using Inverse Distance Transform and Auxiliary Counting.

Microscopic cell detection is a challenging task due to significant inter-cell occlusions in dense clusters and diverse cell morphologies. This paper introduces a novel framework designed to enhance automated cell detection. The proposed approach integrates a deep learning model that produces an inverse distance transform-based detection map from the given image, accompanied by a secondary network designed to regress a cell density map from the same input.

Quality of cementing in hemiarthroplasty for elderly neck of femur fractures does not affect short term functional outcomes.

Introduction: Cemented hip hemiarthroplasty is a routine surgical option for elderly neck of femur (NOF) fractures. It is uncertain if quality of cementing has any effect on functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine if the quality of cementing would affect short term functional outcomes in elderly neck of femur fractures.

Any region can be perceived equally and effectively on rotation pretext task using full rotation and weighted-region mixture.

In recent years, self-supervised learning has emerged as a powerful approach to learning visual representations without requiring extensive manual annotation. One popular technique involves using rotation transformations of images, which provide a clear visual signal for learning semantic representation. However, in this work, we revisit the pretext task of predicting image rotation in self-supervised learning and discover that it tends to marginalise the perception of features located near the centre of an image.

Learning spiking neuronal networks with artificial neural networks: neural oscillations.

First-principles-based modelings have been extremely successful in providing crucial insights and predictions for complex biological functions and phenomena. However, they can be hard to build and expensive to simulate for complex living systems. On the other hand, modern data-driven methods thrive at modeling many types of high-dimensional and noisy data.

Tendon ball arthroplasty and proximal carpal stabilization with tendon graft for advanced Kienböck's disease.

This study reports the surgical technique and outcomes of tendon ball arthroplasty combined with proximal carpal stabilization using the extensor carpi radialis longus tendon for treating advanced Kienböck's disease. The collapsed lunate is excised and a tendon ball inserted as a spacer. A distally based extensor carpi radials longus graft is passed through the scaphoid, tendon ball and triquetrum, reconstructing the proximal carpal row.

High Arterial Oxygen Saturation in the Acclimatized Lowlanders Living at High Altitude.

Unlabelled: Blood oxygen saturation (SpO) is a key indicator of oxygen availability in the body. It is known that a low SpO at high altitude is associated with morbidity and mortality risks due to physiological hypoxemia. Previously, it was proposed that the lowlander immigrants living at high altitude should have a lower SpO level compared to the highlander natives, but this proposal has not been rigorously tested due to the lack of data from the lowlander immigrants living at high altitude.

Nimbolide targeting SIRT1 mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration by reprogramming cholesterol metabolism and inhibiting inflammatory signaling.

Inflammation, abnormal cholesterol metabolism, and macrophage infiltration are involved in the destruction of the extracellular matrix of the nucleus pulposus (NP), culminating in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Whether nimbolide (Nim), a natural extract, can alleviate IDD is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Nim promotes cholesterol efflux and inhibits the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by activating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) during inflammation.

Effects of astragaloside IV on glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head via regulating Akt-related pathways.

We investigated the role of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in preventing glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Network pharmacology was used to predict the molecular targets of AS-IV. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed to explore the binding mechanism and interaction mode between AS-IV and Akt.

Multi-band oscillations emerge from a simple spiking network.

In the brain, coherent neuronal activities often appear simultaneously in multiple frequency bands, e.g., as combinations of alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12.

Kinesin Family Member C1 Overexpression Exerts Tumor-Promoting Properties in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via the Rac1/Wnt/β-catenin Pathway.

Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) is a kinesin-14 motor protein, and its abnormal upregulation promotes the malignant behavior of cancer cells. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is a common modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA and affects RNA expression. In this study, we explored how KIFC1 regulated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumorigenesis and how m6A modification affected KIFC1 expression.

Distal Ulnar Bifurcation Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Bayne and Klug Types 3 and 4 Radial Club Hands: Preliminary Outcomes.

Background: The treatment of Bayne and Klug types 3 and 4 radial club hands (RCHs) remains challenging and controversial. In this study, the authors reported a new procedure called distal ulnar bifurcation arthroplasty and reviewed the preliminary results.

Methods: Between 2015 and 2019, 11 patients with 15 affected forearms having type 3 or 4 RCHs underwent distal ulnar bifurcation arthroplasty.