Super-resolution imaging of fast morphological dynamics of neurons in behaving animals.

Neurons are best studied in their native states in which their functional and morphological dynamics support animals' natural behaviors. Super-resolution microscopy can potentially reveal these dynamics in higher details but has been challenging in behaving animals due to severe motion artifacts. Here we report multiplexed, line-scanning, structured illumination microscopy, which can tolerate motion of up to 50 μm s while achieving 150-nm and 100-nm lateral resolutions in its linear and nonlinear forms, respectively.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of .

has persistently been utilized as a traditional folk herbal medicine. This study has sequenced the chloroplast genome of to establish its genomic characteristics and to discern its phylogenetic relationships with other closely related species. The chloroplast genome structure of reveals a circular molecule with a length of 169,606 bp, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 76,086 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,314 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRS) region of 37,603 bp.

Barrierless reactions of C2 Criegee intermediates with HSO and their implication to oligomers and new particle formation.

The formation of oligomeric hydrogen peroxide triggered by Criegee intermediate maybe contributes significantly to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, to date, the reactivity of C2 Criegee intermediates (CHCHOO) in areas contaminated with acidic gas remains poorly understood. Herein, high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations are used to explore the reaction of CHCHOO and HSO both in the gas phase and at the air-water interface.

The reaction mechanism of SO with the multifunctional compound ethanolamine and its atmospheric implications.

SO is an important reactive species in sulfur cycle and sulfuric acid formation processes and its reactions with some functional group substances, such as HO, NH, CHOH, and organic and inorganic acids, have been extensively studied. However, its loss mechanism with multifunctional species is still lacking in detail. Herein, the reaction mechanism between SO and monoethanolamide (MEA) was investigated in the gas phase and on water droplets.

Screening novel candidates of ZL003-based organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells by modifying auxiliary electron acceptors: A theoretical study.

In this work, a series of ZL003-based free-metal sensitizers with the donor-acceptor-π- conjugated spacer-acceptor (D-A-π-A) structure were designed by modifying auxiliary electron acceptors for the potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells. The energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals, absorption spectra, electronic transition, and photovoltaic parameters for all studied dyes were systematically evaluated using density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT calculations. Results illustrated that thienopyrazine (TPZ), selenadiazolopyridine (SDP), and thiadiazolopyridine (TDP) are excellent electron acceptors, and dye sensitizers functionalized by these acceptors have smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps, obviously red-shifted absorption bands and stronger light harvesting.

The impact of diet quality on cognitive ability of Chinese older adults: evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between diet quality and cognitive performance, indicating that improving diet quality may be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline in older adults. However, few study has investigated the causal relationship between diet quality and cognitive performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causal effects of diet quality on cognitive performance in Chinese adults aged 55 years and older.

Enhancing Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation of NiFe-LDH Nanosheets via Bismuth-Induced Electronic Structure Engineering.

The design and synthesis of high-efficiency electrocatalysts are of great practical significance in electrocatalytic water splitting, specifically in accelerating the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a self-supported bismuth-doped NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet array for water splitting was successfully constructed on nickel foam by a one-step hydrothermal strategy. Benefiting from the abundant active sites of two-dimensional nanosheets and electronic effect of Bi-doped NiFe LDH, the optimal BiNiFe LDH electrocatalyst exhibits excellent OER performance in basic media.

Significant influence of water molecules on the SO + HCl reaction in the gas phase and at the air-water interface.

The products resulting from the reactions between atmospheric acids and SO have a catalytic effect on the formation of new particles in aerosols. However, the SO + HCl reaction in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface has not been considered. Herein, this reaction was explored exhaustively by using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations.

Atmospheric Chemistry of NHSOH in Polluted Areas: An Unexpected Isomerization of NHSOH in Acid-Polluted Regions.

NHSOH is an effective nucleation agent for the formation of atmospheric aerosols and cloud particles. So, the ammonolysis of SO to form NHSOH without and with neutral (HO) and basic (NH) trace gases has been extensively investigated. However, the acidic trace gas X (X = HSO and CHSOH)-assisted ammonolysis of SO is still up for debate.

A New Approach for Exploring Reperfusion Brain Damage in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Reperfusion is an essential pathological stage in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Although the Rice-Vannucci model is widely used in HIE research, it remains difficult to replicate HIE-related reperfusion brain injury. The purpose of this study is to establish a rat model of hypoxia ischemia reperfusion brain damage (HIRBD) using a common carotid artery (CCA) muscle bridge in order to investigate the mechanisms of cerebral resistance to hypoxic-ischemic and reperfusion brain damage.

Functional Characterisation of the Transcription Factor Gene from in Overexpressed Soybean Composite Plants and under Salt Stress.

WRKY proteins are a superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) that play multiple roles in plants' growth, development, and environmental stress response. In this study, a novel WRKY gene called that is specifically upregulated in salt-tolerant accession BB52 seedlings was identified by transcriptomic analysis under salt stress. How the physiological functions and mechanisms of the gene affect salt tolerance was investigated using transformations of soybean hairy roots and , including wild-type (WT) and -mutant plants.

Controlled Synthesis and Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of BiOBr Particles for Ultrafast Degradation of Pollutants.

For the purpose of regulating the visible-light-driven photocatalytic properties of photocatalysts, we selected BiOBr as the research target and various routes were used. Herein, via the use of a hydrothermal method with various solvents, BiOBr particles with controllable morphology and photocatalytic activities are obtained. In particular, through changing the volume ratio of ethylene glycol (EG) to ethanol (EtOH), BiOBr compounds possess microspheres, in which samples synthesized by using EG:EtOH = 1:2 have the highest photocatalytic activity, and can completely decompose RhB under visible light irradiation within 14 min.

Telomeres cooperate in zygotic genome activation by affecting / transcription.

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is initiated once the genome chromatin state is organized in the newly formed zygote. Telomeres are specialized chromatin structures at the ends of chromosomes and are reset during early embryogenesis, while the details and significance of telomere changes in preimplantation embryos remain unclear. We demonstrated that the telomere length was shortened in the minor ZGA stage and significantly elongated in the major ZGA stage of human and mouse embryos.

Screening of Q-markers for the wine-steamed Schisandra chinensis decoction pieces in improving allergic asthma.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) posits that Chinese medicinal materials can only be clinically used after being processed and prepared into decoction pieces. Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (derived from the dried and mature fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

High-Performance Integrated rGO-[Polymeric Ionic Liquid] [Heteropolyanions] for Catalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes.

Polymeric ionic liquid (such as poly[ViEtIm]Br)-modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO), rGO-poly[ViEtIm]Br, was nominated as an open carrier to construct a degradation platform. The large specific surface of rGO together with the anion-exchange property of poly[ViEtIm]Br terminals led to the wide growth of heteropolyanions (like [PWO], [PMoO], and [SiWO]), thus assembling the integrated catalyst rGO-poly[ViEtIm][heteropolyanions]. The grafted poly[ViEtIm]Br provided an anchor point to interlink the polar heteropolyanions and the nonpolar rGO substrate, endowing this graphene-based catalyst with excellent dispersibility.

Multiple evaluations of atmospheric behavior between Criegee intermediates and HCHO: Gas-phase and air-water interface reaction.

Given the high abundance of water in the atmosphere, the reaction of Criegee intermediates (CIs) with (HO) is considered to be the predominant removal pathway for CIs. However, recent experimental findings reported that the reactions of CIs with organic acids and carbonyls are faster than expected. At the same time, the interface behavior between CIs and carbonyls has not been reported so far.

Volumetric Imaging of Neural Activity by Light Field Microscopy.

Recording the highly diverse and dynamic activities in large populations of neurons in behaving animals is crucial for a better understanding of how the brain works. To meet this challenge, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing functional fluorescent indicators and optical imaging techniques to optically monitor neural activity. Indeed, optical imaging potentially has extremely high throughput due to its non-invasive access to large brain regions and capability to sample neurons at high density, but the readout speed, such as the scanning speed in two-photon scanning microscopy, is often limited by various practical considerations.

A computational study of the HO + SO → HOSO + O reaction catalyzed by a water monomer, a water dimer and small clusters of sulfuric acid: kinetics and atmospheric implications.

Herein, the reaction mechanisms and kinetics for the HO + SO → HOSO + O reaction catalyzed by a water monomer, a water dimer and small clusters of sulfuric acid have been studied theoretically by quantum chemical methods and the Master Equation/Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (ME/RRKM) rate calculations. The calculated results show that when HO is introduced into the HO + SO reaction, it not only enhances the stability of the reactant complexes by 9.0 kcal mol but also reduces the energy of the transition state by 8.