Aryldiazonium-Salt-Triggered Carboxylative Azotization of Pyrroles or Indoles with Polyhalomethanes via Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT).

A halogen-atom-transfer (XAT)-based method for carbonylazotization of pyrroles or indoles with aryldiazonium salts and polyhalomethanes via dual C(sp)-H bond functionalization is described. Using aryldiazonium salts realizes carbonylation/azotization of pyrroles or indoles via polyhalomethyl-radical-mediated and electrophilic substitution, thus providing a green, efficient, and step-economy approach for synthesis of multifunctional pyrroles or indoles from the easily available substrates. Notably, this strategy relies on the use of aryldiazonium salts to extend the well-established iodine atom transfer to bromine or chlorine atom transfer.

Comprehensive analysis of formin gene family highlights candidate genes related to pollen cytoskeleton and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Background: Formin, a highly conserved multi-domain protein, interacts with microfilaments and microtubules. Although specifically expressed formin genes in anthers are potentially significant in research on male sterility and hybrid wheat breeding, similar reports in wheat, especially in thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat, remain elusive.

Results: Herein, we systematically characterized the formin genes in TGMS wheat line BS366 named TaFormins (TaFHs) and predicted their functions in inducing stress response.

Role of γδT cells in liver diseases and its relationship with intestinal microbiota.

γδT cells are unconventional T lymphocytes that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the composition of T cell receptor and the cytokines produced, γδT cells can be divided into diverse subsets that may be present at different locations, including the liver, epithelial layer of the gut, the dermis and so on. Many of these cells perform specific functions in liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and liver cancers.

Top-Down Integration of Molybdenum Disulfide Transistors with Wafer-Scale Uniformity and Layer Controllability.

The lack of stable and efficient techniques to synthesize high-quality large-area thin films is one of the major bottlenecks for the real-world application of the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. In this work, the growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS ) on sapphire substrates by sulfurizing the MoO film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is reported. The advantages of the ALD method can be well inherited, and the synthesized MoS films exhibit excellent layer controllability, wafer-scale uniformity, and homogeneity.

[Establishment of rat integrated discrete multiple organ cell culture (IdMOC) model].

Objective: To establish the integrated discrete multiple organ cell culture (IdMOC) system.

Methods: Rat primary cell of hepatocyte, nephrocyte, cardiomyocytes, alveolar macrophage, dermal fibroblasts were isolated by collagenase digestion, separation of bronchial lavage, two-step digestion method and cultured respectively, with monolayer culture. To establish the integrated discrete multiple organ cell culture (IdMOC) system, glass slides of five different cells were used to the same dish with 10% FBS DMEM medium cultured 7d, using MTT comparison primary cells cultured alone and cocultured when growth.

A new dihydrochalcone from dragon's blood, red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis.

A new dihydrochalcone, 4'-hydroxy-4,2'-dimethoxy-dihydrochalcone, was isolated from Chinese dragon's blood, the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis. Its structure was established by spectrum analysis.

Arsenic-related skin lesions and glutathione S-transferase P1 A1578G (Ile105Val) polymorphism in two ethnic clans exposed to indoor combustion of high arsenic coal in one village.

Objectives: A total of 2402 patients with arsenic-related skin lesions, such as hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, or even skin cancer in a few villages in Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, China represent a unique case of endemic arsenism related with indoor combustion of high arsenic coal. This study aimed to investigate the cluster of arsenism cases and the possible relevant factors including GSTP1 polymorphism in two clans of different ethnic origin living in one village for generations.

Methods: A questionnaire-based study was performed in 170 Miao clan P members, 10 of whom had arsenic-related skin diseases, and 153 Han clan G1 members, 50 of whom had arsenic-related skin diseases.

[Alcohol inhibited the expression of glial fibral acidic protein and S100 of astrocytes].

Objective: To explore effects of alcohol on the expression of gial fibral acidic protein (GFAP) and S100 of astrocytes in brain.

Methods: Different dosages of alcohol (2,5 and 20 mmol/L) were administered to astrocytes of fetal rat brain in vitro. The expression of GFAP and S100 of astrocytes was detected by immunocytochemistry, respectively.

[Comparison the screening methods of the acute toxicity in vitro].

Objective: To provide the proof for establishing the high throughput screening method of the acute toxicity by comparing the 4 screening methods of the acute toxicity in vitro.

Methods: HepG2 cells, plated in 96-well plates, were treated with 47 compounds and we detected the cytotoxicity using 4 methods and calculated the IC50, IC45, IC40, IC35, IC30, and these values were compared with the LD50.

Results: The IC45 from the neutral red method has the best relativity with the LD50.

[Detection of estrogenic effects of nonylphenol and bisphenol A in vitro reporter gene-based assays].

Objective: To explore the estrogenic effects and disruptive mechanism of NP and BPA by reporter gene-based assays we developed.

Methods: pERE-Luc plamid was generated by inserting estrogen response element (ERE) fragment into MCS of pGL3-promoter vector. MCF7 cells were cotransfected with pERE-Luc and phRL-SV40 using Sofast transfection reagent.