Base-Mediated Chemodivergent [4 + 1] and [2 + 1] Cycloadditions of -Alkylpyridiniums and Enones.

Divergent synthesis of structurally different products from the same kinds of starting materials is highly synthetically useful but very challenging. Herein, we reported a base-mediated chemodivergent [4 + 1] and [2 + 1] cycloaddition of -alkylpyridinium and enone under mild conditions, leading to furan-fused bicycles with high diastereoselectivity and spirobicycles, respectively, from moderate to high yields. -Alkylpyridinium salts were modular nucleophilic transfer reagents and C1 synthons, which underwent tandem Michael addition to the α,β-unsaturated ketones and cyclization under the base conditions.

Genetic Diversity Evaluation and Conservation of Topmouth Culter () Germplasm in Five River Basins in China.

To study the genetic diversity of () populations, we analyzed the genetic diversity of five populations from Songhua Lake (SH), Huaihe River (HH), Changjiang River (CJ), Taihu Lake (TH), and Gehu Lake (GH) based on mitochondrial gene sequences. The results showed that the average contents of bases T, C, A, and G in the 526 bp gene sequence were 25.3%, 18.

Absence of Ligamentum Teres in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Background: Ligamentum teres is hypertrophied and should be resected in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We have observed a relatively high prevalence of absence of ligamentum teres (ALT) in severe DDH. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the percentage of ALT in DDH; (2) the risk factors correlating with ALT; and (3) the pathologic characteristics of DDH with ALT.

Egg yolk IgY against RHDV capsid protein VP60 promotes rabbit defense against RHDV infection.

VP60 capsid protein is the major structural and immunogenicity protein of RHDV (Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, RHDV), and has been implicated as a main protein antigen in RHDV diagnosis and vaccine design. In this report, egg yolk antibody (IgY) against N-terminal of VP60 was evaluated and developed as a new strategy for RHDV therapy. Briefly, N-terminal of VP60 (∼250aa) fragment was cloned and inserted into pET28a expression vector, and then the resultant plasmid, pET28a/VP60-N, was transformed into E.

Increasing thickness and fibrosis of the cartilage in acetabular dysplasia: a rabbit model research.

Background: The order and mechanism of pathological changes in acetabular dysplasia are still unclear. This study investigated cartilage changes in rabbit acetabular dysplasia models at different ages.

Methods: Twenty-seven 1-month-old New Zealand rabbits underwent cast immobilization of the left hind limb in knee extension.

[Experimental study on the expression of II type collagen and MMP-7 in acetabular cartilage of developmental dysplasia of hip].

Objective: To detect the changes of expressions of II type collagen and matrix metalloproteinases-7 (MMP-7) of acetabular cartilage in early DDH (developmental dysplasia of hip) and to investigate the relevance between II type collagen and MMP-7 and the retrogression mechanism of acetabular cartilage.

Methods: The animal model of DDH was successfully established in 8 rabbits by applying the method of knee extension in which left lower extremity as experimental group and right one as control group. And the stains of HE and toluidine blue were applied on the samples of acetabular cartilage to observe the changes of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM).