Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by PM2.5 Exposure and its possible role in Neurodegenerative and mental disorders.

Recent extensive evidence suggests that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) may be neurotoxic to the brain and cause central nervous system damage, contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder.

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine alleviates hypoxia-caused apoptosis in cardiac myofibroblasts via CaM/p38/STAT3 pathway.

Blockade of hypoxia-caused nonmyocytes apoptosis helps improve survival and mitigate ventricular remodeling and dysfunction during the chronic stage of myocardial infarction. But tools affecting nonmyocyte apoptosis are very rare. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), a naturally occurring bioactive sphingolipid in plasma, was proved to protect cardiomyocyte against apoptosis in an ischemic model in our previous study.

Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of red-fleshed apple as affected by in vitro digestion.

The aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic profiles in the extracts and digesta (after in vitro digestion) of different red-fleshed apple fruit parts and to assess the effects of digestion on the in vitro antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity. The main polyphenols were identified by UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC. Our results indicate that the digesta had less total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, but more free phenolic acids, than the extracts.

Effects of 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl exposure during pregnancy on DNA methylation in the testis of offspring in the mouse.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants, and the widespread use of PCBs has had adverse effects on human and animal health. This study experiment explored the effects of 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) on the mammalian reproductive system. PCB118 was administered to pregnant mice from 7.

Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of four red-fleshed apple varieties in China.

Red-fleshed apples are preferred because of their high content of phenolics and antioxidants. In this study, the phenolic characteristics, antioxidant properties, and antihuman cancer cell properties of the four hybrids of Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana (Ledeb.

Fucoxanthin Exerts Cytoprotective Effects against Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Damage in L02 Cells.

Several previous studies have demonstrated the excellent antioxidant activity of fucoxanthin against oxidative stress which is closely related to the pathogenesis of liver diseases. The present work was to investigate whether fucoxanthin could protect human hepatic L02 cells against hydrogen peroxide- (HO-) induced oxidative damage. Its effects on HO-induced cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, intracellular reduced glutathione, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, along with mRNA and protein relative levels of the cytoprotective genes including Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, were investigated.

Auxin regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through the Aux/IAA-ARF signaling pathway in apple.

Auxin signaling, which is crucial for normal plant growth and development, mainly depends on ARF-Aux/IAA interactions. However, little is known regarding the regulatory effects of auxin signaling on anthocyanin metabolism in apple (). We investigated the functions of MdARF13, which contains a repression domain and is localized to the nucleus.

Effects of PrP on DF-1 cells' biological processes and RNA-seq-based analysis of differential genes.

To reveal the effects of PrP on cells' biological processes and on gene expression. We established stable DF-1 (PrP -knockdown (KD)) cells, and combined with DF-1 (wt) and DF-1 (PrP -overexpression (OE)) cells that we previously established we studied the effects of chicken PrP (PrP ) on DF-1 cells' processes. Then by using high throughput sequencing technology (HTS) and bioinformatics, we analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these cells.

Exposure to Aroclor-1254 impairs spindle assembly during mouse oocyte maturation.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as typical environmental estrogen disruptors, are a structurally-related group of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that are composed of 209 isomers and present as a mixture in the environment. PCBs congener with different numbers and positions of chlorine atoms substituted on the biphenyl moiety. Aroclor-1254 is a mixture of more than 60 PCB congeners.

Association between Polymorphisms in Interleukins 4 and 13 Genes and Chronic Periodontitis in a Han Chinese Population.

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and cytokines play a pivotal role in the regulation of immune response. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) are anti-inflammatory cytokines and several polymorphisms of them have been proved involved in periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate whether three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2070874 and rs2243248 from IL4 and rs1800925 from IL13, are associated with CP in a Han Chinese population consisting of 440 moderate or severe CP patients and 324 healthy controls.

Effects of Aroclor 1254 on in vivo oocyte maturation in the mouse.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are stable, lipophilic compounds that accumulate in the environment and in the food chain. Though some studies provided evidence that PCBs had adverse effects on reproductive function, most of these results were from in vitro models. Therefore we investigated the effect of Aroclor 1254 (a commercial PCBs mixture) treatments on in vivo maturation and developmental potential of mouse oocytes.

The association of CSF-1 gene polymorphism with chronic periodontitis in the Han Chinese population.

Background: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial complex periodontal disease involving immune response, inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and attachment loss. Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) controls the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages and plays a vital role in the innate immune response to the external microbial infections, suggesting the potential role of CSF-1 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The objective of this study is to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs333967, rs2297706, and rs1058885 with CP in the Han Chinese population.

[Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism and periodontitis susceptibility in Shanghai Chinese patients].

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 7 genes and periodontitis of susceptibility in Shanghai Chinese patients.

Methods: Genotypes of randomly grouped 50 health control subjects and 48 patients with chronic periodontitis were genotyped by MALDI-TOF MS detection system. A questionnaire, medical history, family history, signs, laboratory tests, treatment, follow-up information were collected.

Expression changes of neurofilament subunits in the central nervous system of hens treated with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP).

Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) could induce degeneration of long, large diameter axons within the central and peripheral nervous system of susceptible species including human being and hens, which is referred to as organophosphorus-ester induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). The mechanisms involved are not understood. Neuropathologic observations suggested that neurofilament subunits (NFs) could be a main target of TOCP in the peripheral nervous system.

[Effects of methamidophos on microtubule and microfilament proteins in sciatic nerve of hens].

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin and beta-actin in sciatic nerve of hen with organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN).

Methods: OPIDN was induced in 10-month-old Roman hens by daily subcutaneous administration of 30 mg/kg methamidophos for 15 days. Hens were sacrificed 2, 10, and 23 days respectively after manifesting neuropathy.

2,5-Hexanedione induced reduction in protein content and mRNA expression of neurofilament in rat cerebral cortex.

Exposure chronically to n-hexane produces central-peripheral axonopathy mediated by 2,5-hexanedione (HD). Studies have shown neurofilament (NF) subunit proteins are decreased substantially in cerebral cortices, optic axons, spinal cords, and sciatic nerves from HD-exposed rats. To deeply investigate the alterations in NF contents in HD neuropathy, the relative levels of NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H in rat cerebral cortex were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting.

Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) decreases the levels of cytoskeletal proteins in hen sciatic nerve.

Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) is an organophosphorus ester. It is capable of producing organophosphorus ester induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in human being and sensitive animals, which is characterized by ataxia that progresses to paralysis after 1-3 weeks following exposure to some organophosphorus ester. In present study, 18 adult hens were divided randomly into three groups, i.