Comparison of Treatment Outcomes of Different Spermatic Vein Ligation Procedures in Varicocele Treatment.

In this study, 4 different spermatic vein ligation procedures for varicocele (VC) treatment were compared based on recurrence rate, postoperative complications, and semen quality. Between January 2012 and May 2013, a total of 345 male patients with VC were recruited at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Patients were performed by different ligation procedures, and they were divided into 4 groups: laparoscopic varicocelectomy group (LV group: n = 84), microscopic inguinal varicocelectomy group (MIV group: n = 85), microscopic retroperitoneal varicocelectomy group (MRV group: n = 86), and microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy group (MSV group: n = 90).