Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Retinal and Choroidal Thickness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cigarette smoking has been regarded as a risk factor for the incidence of a wide variety of chronic illness; however, its effect on thickness of the retina or choroid is still unknown.

Methods: A consummate literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase up to January, 2018. The quantitative synthesis was conducted by Stata 12.

Involvement of dysregulated coding and long non‑coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of strabismus.

Strabismus is a common ocular disorder in children and may result in exterior abnormalities and impaired visual functions. However, the detailed pathogenesis of strabismus unclear. The present study assessed the comprehensive analyses on the roles of RNAs in the development of strabismus.