Shear behavior of single cast-in anchor simulating characteristics of bridge bearing anchor.

A bridge bearing anchor transmits various loads of a superstructure to a substructure. Most anchors are generally designed without consideration of characteristics such as concrete pedestal, grout bedding, and anchor socket. This study investigated the shear behavior of anchors in accordance with the edge distance, embedment depth, compressive strength of concrete, and height of the concrete pedestal in order to simulate the practical characteristics of the bridge bearing anchors.

Shielding Effectiveness and Impact Resistance of Concrete Walls Strengthened by High-Strength High-Ductility Concrete.

Following the fourth Industrial Revolution, electronic and data-based technology is becoming increasingly developed. However, current research on enhancing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and the physical protection performance of structures incorporating these technologies is insufficient. Therefore, in this study aiming for the improvement of EMI shielding and structural performance of structures, twelve concrete walls were fabricated and tested to determine their shielding effectiveness and drop-weight impact resistance.

Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Reinforced with Steel Fibers.

There is increased interest in applying electromagnetic (EM) shielding to prevent EM interference, which destroys electronic circuits. The EM shielding's performance is closely related to the electrical conductivity and can be improved by incorporating conductive materials. The weight of a structure can be reduced by incorporating lightweight aggregates and replacing the steel rebars with CFRP rebars.

Building-Information-Modeling Based Approach to Simulate Strategic Location of Shelter in Place and Its Strengthening Method.

It is important to consider establishing a shelter in place (SIP) using existing facilities to prepare for unpredictable and no-notice disasters. In this study, we evaluate the building-information-modeling (BIM)-based approach to simulate the strategic location of SIP and its strengthening method. BIM software was used to model a light rail station and analyze the elements of the facility that can affect the evacuation time to reach the SIP.

Evaluation on the Microstructure and Durability of High-Strength Concrete Containing Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag.

The application of electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAS) in high strength concrete (HSC) as the cementitious material is investigated in this study. The microstructure and mechanical properties of HSC with four different replacement ratios of EAS were evaluated and HSC with two replacement ratios of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) was used for performance comparison. The results show that the HSC with EAS replacement ratios smaller than 15% undergo similar hydration processes and result in a similar final product when compared with those of NC-NN.

Effect of Strengthening Methods on Two-Way Slab under Low-Velocity Impact Loading.

In this study, the performance of reinforced concrete slabs strengthened using four methods was investigated under impact loads transferred from the top side to bottom side. The top and bottom sides of test slabs were strengthened by no-slump high-strength, high-ductility concrete (NSHSDC), fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) sheet, and sprayed FRP, respectively. The test results indicated that the test specimens strengthened with FRP series showed a 4% increase in reaction force and a decrease in deflection by more than 20% compared to the non-strengthened specimens.

Bond Strength and Flexural Capacity of Normal Concrete Beams Strengthened with No-Slump High-Strength, High-Ductility Concrete.

This study investigates the flexural behavior of normal-strength concrete (NSC) beams that were strengthened with no-slump, high-strength, high-ductility concrete (NSHSDC). A set of slant shear tests was performed to investigate the initial performance of the NSC substrate strengthened with NSHSDC. Slant shear tests considered two types of roughness of interface and five angles of the interface between NSC and NSHSDC.

Effects of Steelmaking Slag and Moisture on Electrical Properties of Concrete.

Strain sensors can indicate the conditions of concrete structures, but these sensors are only capable of measuring local behaviors of materials. To solve this problem, researchers have introduced conductive materials that can monitor the overall behavior of concrete structures. Steelmaking slag, which contains large amounts of iron oxide (FeO), is conductive, and researchers have considered the addition of this material to improve concrete monitoring.

Non-Tuned Machine Learning Approach for Predicting the Compressive Strength of High-Performance Concrete.

Compressive strength is considered as one of the most important parameters in concrete design. Time and cost can be reduced if the compressive strength of concrete is accurately estimated. In this paper, a new prediction model for compressive strength of high-performance concrete (HPC) was developed using a non-tuned machine learning technique, namely, a regularized extreme learning machine (RELM).

Learned Prediction of Compressive Strength of GGBFS Concrete Using Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Models.

A new hybrid intelligent model was developed for estimating the compressive strength (CS) of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete, and the synergistic benefits of the hybrid algorithm as compared with a single algorithm were verified. While using the collected 269 data from previous experimental studies, artificial neural network (ANN) models with three different learning algorithms namely back-propagation (BP), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and new hybrid PSO-BP algorithms, were constructed and the performance of the models was evaluated with regard to the prediction accuracy, efficiency, and stability through a threefold procedure. It was found that the PSO-BP neural network model was superior to the simple ANNs that were trained by a single algorithm and it is suitable for predicting the CS of GGBFS concrete.

Comparing Properties of Concrete Containing Electric Arc Furnace Slag and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag.

For sustainable development in the construction industry, blast furnace slag has been used as a substitute for cement in concrete. In contrast, steel-making slag, the second largest by-product in the steel industry, is mostly used as a filler material in embankment construction. This is because steel-making slag has relatively low hydraulicity and a problem with volumetric expansion.

Synergistic Benefits of Using Expansive and Shrinkage Reducing Admixture on High-Performance Concrete.

High-performance concrete (HPC) is widely used in construction according to great mechanical properties, but it has a high risk of shrinkage cracking due to autogenous shrinkage stress. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effect of a combination of expansive admixture (EA) and shrinkage reducing admixture (SA) on the autogenous shrinkage of high-performance concrete without heat treatment. Two different EA to cement weight ratios of 0.