Alkaloid uptake pathways in renal tubular epithelial cells from different processed products of Phellodendri chinensis Cortex.

This study aimed to investigate the absorption of alkaloids from Phellodendri chinensis Cortex (PC) by human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Cellular uptake and affinity ultrafiltration assays were employed to determine the alkaloid uptake pathway in HK-2 cells. Stemming from the hypothesis that salt-water processed PC introduces these alkaloids into the kidney at a cellular level, this research focused on different processed products of PC that are tailored for renal targeting.

[Slicing specifications in general rule of processing in Chinese Pharmacopoeia from slicing development of Chinese materia medica processed product and thinking and suggestion on slicing techniques].

Slicing is critical in the processing of Chinese materia medica(CMM) processed product and the specification(thickness) is closely related to the quality of the decoction. On the basis of clarifying the concept and evolution of slicing of CMM processed product by reviewing the Chinese herbal classics of the past dynasties and general rules of local processing standards, this study discussed the development history of slicing specifications in general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), analyzed the current situation and key problems, and proposed the thinking and suggestion on promoting the sound development of slicing of CMM processed product. Since 2000, the slicing thickness of CMM processed product in the general rules of local CMM processed product processing specifications newly revised and issued by 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has been consistent with that in the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).

prior and post-processing: Regulatory effects on intestinal flora of diabetic nephropathy rats.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and serious chronic complications in the clinic. has the effects of replenishing and nourishing , tonifying liver and kidney, and it is one of the main traditional Chinese medicines used clinically to treat diabetes and its complications. However, the effect and mechanism of before and after processing on intestinal flora of diabetic nephropathy need to be further elucidated.

[Comparison of 12 constituents of Astragali Radix directionally processed with organic acid by UPLC-MS].

To establish an UPLC-MS method for the simultaneous content determination of 4 saponins and 8 flavonoids, in order to analyze the effect of Astragali Radix directionally processed with organic acid on the content of glycosides and aglycones. The separation was carried out on ACQUITY UPLC HSS T_3(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.

A Crude 1-DNJ Extract from Home Made Bombyx Batryticatus Inhibits Diabetic Cardiomyopathy-Associated Fibrosis in db/db Mice and Reduces Protein -Glycosylation Levels.

The traditional Chinese drug Bombyx Batryticatus (BB), which is also named the white stiff silkworm, has been widely used in Chinese clinics for thousands of years. It is famous for its antispasmodic and blood circulation-promoting effects. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial cell hyperplasia, and myocardial fibrosis are closely related to the -glycosylation of key proteins.

[Determination of four coumarin constituents before and after Angelicae Dahuricae Radix stewed with yellow rice wine and research on its mutual transformation mechanism].

To determine the contents of oxypeucedanin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicol and byak-angelicin both before and after Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was stewed with yellow rice wine by high-performance liquid chromatography, and study the mutual transformation mechanisms of oxypeucedanin into oxypeucedanin hydrate, as well as byakangelicol into byak-angelicin. The research results indicated that the contents of oxypeucedanin and byakangelicol were decreased, but the contents of oxypeucedanin hydrate and byak-angelicin were increased after Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was processed with yellow rice wine. The contents' changes of these chemical compounds were due to the ring opening reaction of epoxy compounds, such as oxypeucedanin and byakangelicol under the weak acidity and heating conditions of yellow rice wine.

[Comparasion of Antis Egg-case Before and After Preparing in Reproducing Kidney-Yang Deficiency Model Rats].

Ojective: To compare the effects of antis egg-case before and after preparing in reproducing kidney-Yang deficiency model rats,and to explore the best medicinal part of antis egg-case.

Methods: Divide the rats into nine groups randomly: antis egg-case group, salt fried antis egg-case group, steamed antis egg-case group, eggs from antis egg-case group, eggs from salt fried antis egg-case group, eggs from steamed antis egg-case group, egg shell from antis egg-case group, egg shell from salt fried antis egg-case group, and egg shell from the steamed antis egg-case group. Make kidney-Yang deficient model by giving the rats hydrocortisone.

[Application of Cocktail Probe Drugs for Detecting Influences of Raw and Processed Phellodendri Cortex on Cytochrome P450 Isoforms].

Objective: To research and compare the influences of raw and processed Phellodendri Cortex on the cytochrome P450 four isoforms by Cocktail probe drugs, and to explore the processing principle of Phellodendri Cortex.

Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into raw group,processed with rice-wine group, processed with salt-water group and blank control group, which were given raw decoction, processed with rice-wine decoction, processed with salt-water decoction (3.24 g/kg) and normal saline respectively for one week, then given the mixture of four probe drugs on the 8th day, and soon after the blood samples were obtained through the orbits at a series of time-points.

[Effect of Morinda officinalis Root and Its Salt-Processing Product on Energy Metabolism in Rats with Yang Deficiency].

Objective: To compare the effects of Morinda officinalis root and its salt-processing prodduct on rats with kidney yang deficiency from the viewpoint of energetic metabolism.

Methods: The rat models for the kidney yang deficiency were established through the perfusion of methimazole. The models were treated with different dosages of Morinda officinalis root without woods and its salt-processing products extracts.

[Study on Variation of Gastroprotective Effect of Atractylodes lancea Rhizome Before and After Processing].

Objective: To compare the gastroprotective effect between the crude and bran-processed Atractylodes lancea rhizome in the rat model of gastric ulcer.

Methods: The model of gastric ulcer was imitated by acetic acid in rats. The levels of epidermal growth factor( EGF) and trefoil factor 2( TFF2) in serum and stomach were determined by the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA),and the mRNA expressions of EGF and TFF2 in stomach were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR).

[Effect of Different Processed Products and Extracts of Morinda officinalis Root on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats].

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of different processed products and extracts of Morinda officinalis root in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model, and to explore the possible mechanism.

Methods: AA model in SD rats was established, then the arthritic rats were randomly divided into seven groups such as model, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablet (TGT), morinda with xylem, morinda, salt-steamed morinda, licorice-processed morinda, morinda EtOAc extract, morinda n-BuOH extract, H₂O residue, total polysaccharides and control groups. The paw edema and arthritis indexes were observed, and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-2 and INF-γ in AA rats serum were detected by ELISA.

[Effects of Processing on Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex Based on Material and Energy Metabolism].

Objective: To compare the pharmacodynamic indicators of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex with its processed products, in order to study the processing mechanism.

Methods: The effects of raw Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and its processed products on 17 kinds of indicators in rats were compared, such as the biological characteristics (weight and rectal temperature), material metabolism (lactic acid, acetone acid and triglyceride), energy metabolism (Na+ - K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase, LDH, SDH and liver glyco- gen), thyroid function axis (T3, T4, TSH and TRH), cyclic nucleotide ( cAMP, cGMP and cAMP/cGMP value).

Results: Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and its salt processing product changed the indicators including weight, rectal temperature, material metabolism, energy metabolism, thyroid function shaft and cyclic nucleotide in rats.

[Comparison of anti-inflammatory activity between crude Atractylodes lancea and their processed products by stir-baking with bran in rat models of gastric ulcer].

To compare the anti-inflammatory activity of the crude Atractylodes lancea (AL) and AL processed products by stir-baking with bran in rat models of gastric ulcer, and preliminarily explore the anti-ulcer mechanisms of AL, the model of gastric ulcer was imitated by local acetic acid injection into gastric mucosa in rats by surgery according to the modified Okabe method. All rats were randomly divided into the following 10 groups： sham-operation group, model group, omeprazole group, Sanjiu Weitai granule group, crude AL low dose group, crude AL middle dose group, crude AL high dose group, processed AL low dose group, processed AL middle dose group, and processed AL high dose group. Rats were administered via intragastric (ig) two times each day, for 10 consecutive days.

[Investigation of potential toxic factors for fleece-flower root： from perspective of processing methods evolution].

In recent years, the rapid growth of reports on fleece-flower root-caused liver damages has drawn wide attention of both at home and abroad, however, there were rare literature on toxicology of fleece-flower root in ancient Chinese medicine. But why there are so many reports on toxicology of fleece-flower root now compared with the ancient literature? As a typical tonic medicine, the clinical utility of fleece-flower root was largely limited by its standardization and reliability of processing methods in ancient Chinese medicine. The ancient processing methods of fleece-flower root emphasized nine times of steaming and nine times of drying, while the modern processes have been simplified into one time of steaming.

[Determination of Five Active Components in Morinda officinalis from Different Habitats by HPLC].

Objective: To establish a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of alizarin anthraquinones (1-methoxy-2-hydroxy anthraquinone,1,2-dimethoxy-3-hydroxy anthraquinone, rubiadin-1- methylether, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methoxy anthraquinone, rubiadin) in Morinda officinalis from different habitats.

Methods: The analysis was carried out on an Ecosil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and detected with an UV detector at the wavelength of 277 nm.

[Study on protective effect of Sijunzi decoction (red/white ginseng) on H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes apoptosis].

In this study, efforts were made to screen out the drug concentration of Sijunzi decoction (red ginseng) for in vitro intervention of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, select high, medium and low groups for subsequent experiments, establish the H2O2-induced myocardial cell apoptosis to investigate the protective effect of Sijunzi decoction (white/red ginseng), provide reference ginseng ingredients in Sijunzi decoction used to treat ischemic heart disease and reflect its curative effect, and observe its impacts on SOD, MAD, LDH and other indexes to preliminarily define the action mechanism. According to the results, red ginseng in Sijunzi decoction showed a better protective effect on H2O2-induced myocardial cell injury than that of white ginseng. Both of them could enhance SOD activity and reduce MDA production and LDH release, so as to significantly reduce the amount of apoptotic myocardial cells and play protective role.

[Optimization of fermentation techniques of Massa Medicata Fermentata by response surface methodology].

Objective: For the first time, the fermentation conditions of Massa Medicata Fermentata were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) accroding to amylase enzyme activity.

Methods: Firstly, a series of single factor experiments were done which included the amount of Adzuki beans, fermentation time and fermentation temperature. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize fermentation conditions.

Comparison of the anti-ulcer activity between the crude and bran-processed Atractylodes lancea in the rat model of gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (AL, Compositae, Chinese name: Cangzhu; Japanese name: Sou-ju-tsu) has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases such as digestive disorders, rheumatic diseases, and influenza in China, Korea and Japan. The crude AL and AL bran-processed are both listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, the differences between the effects of the crude and AL bran-processed on gastric ulcer were poorly understood, and the mechanisms for the treatment of gastric ulcer were not clear.

PEGylated VRB plus quinacrine cationic liposomes for treating non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, and the treatment effects are usually unsatisfactory. Vinorelbine (VRB) is extensively used in cancer treatment, but it has some disadvantages when used alone. PEGylated liposomes have been extensively used as a delivery carrier for antitumor drugs via prolonging the circulation time in the blood.

[Metabolomics analysis revealing multiple compounds changed in rhubarb after processing].

Untargeted metabolomics analysis of rhubarb and stewed rhubarb samples shows that the determined samples clearly clustered in to two groups, indicating that the processing procedures caused changes in the composition and/or content of components in rhubarb. Ten components were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and references, which intensity declined in rhubarb after processing. Targeted metabolomics analysis of rhubarb and stewed rhubarb samples indicated that aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin and physcion were detected with lower intensity in stewed rhubarb samples than in rhubarb samples.

[Determination of amino acids in Galli Gigerii endothelium corneum by HPLC with pre-column derivatization].

Hydrolytic amino acids were extracted by acid hydrolysis method, then derivatized with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC). And the samples were analysed by HPLC on an Ultimate Prime C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with gradient elution of 0.

[Study on decoction's effect of different processed rhizomes of Cibotium barometz on retinoic acid induced male rats osteoporosis].

This study compared the decoction's HPLC figures of the different processed rhizomes of Cibotium barometz including the raw, the sand-baked, the wined, the steamed and the salted, on the basis of which, with the sand-baked Drynaria fortunei decoction as the positive control group, comparingall groups' decoction, concentration of which was 104.2 g x L(-1), for 4 weeks, by their effects (s-TRAP and total scores of OPG, Ca, P, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1) on retinoic acid induced male rats osteoporosis. The experiment results showed the sand-baked and the wined were better than the steamed, the salted and the raw;in the processing methods' selection, the sand-baked was a better heating method than the steamed and the rice wine was the better excipient than the salt.