Crucial rhythms and subnetworks for emotion processing extracted by an interpretable deep learning framework from EEG networks.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) brain networks describe the driving and synchronous relationships among multiple brain regions and can be used to identify different emotional states. However, methods for extracting interpretable structural features from brain networks are still lacking. In the current study, a novel deep learning structure comprising both an attention mechanism and a domain adversarial strategy is proposed to extract discriminant and interpretable features from brain networks.

Environmental release behavior, cell toxicity and intracellular distribution of novel biodegradable plastic materials.

In response to the increasingly severe issue of plastic waste, biodegradable plastics have garnered extensive attention as a potential alternative to traditional plastics. Among these materials, biodegradable plastics hold a dominant position. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental risks of five commercially available biodegradable plastics: polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene carbonate) (PBC), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT).

Systemic toxicity of biodegradable polyglycolic acid microplastics on the gut-liver-brain axis in zebrafish.

Polyglycolic acid (PGA), a novel type of hazardous biodegradable plastic, is gradually being widely used in the biomedical and food packaging industries. However, the long-term ecological effects of PGA degradation to microplastics (MPs) in aquatic organisms remain unknown. The gut-liver-brain axis regulates the exchange of information between the gut, liver, and brain, and is a key target for tissue damage caused by pollutants.

The journey of nanoparticles in the abdominal cavity: Exploring their in vivo fate and impact factors.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is caused by metastasis of primary tumor cells from intra-abdominal organs to the peritoneal surface. Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy allows close contact of high concentrations of therapeutic agents with cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity to prolong patient survival. However, conventional IP chemotherapy is prone to rapid elimination from the peritoneal cavity and lacks specificity towards cancer cells.

Developing flame retardant, smoke suppression and self-healing polyvinyl alcohol composites by dynamic reversible cross-linked chitosan-based macromolecule.

With the increasing threat of white pollution to the public health and ecosystem, functional materials driven by green and sustainable biological macromolecule are attracting considerable attention. Inspired by the double-helix structure of DNA, a P-B-N ternary synergistic chitosan-based macromolecule (PBCS) was constructed to prepare flame retardant, smoke suppression and self-healing polyvinyl alcohol composite (PVA@PBCS) via dynamic reversible interactions. The limiting oxygen index value of PVA@PBCS increased from 19.

Sodium glycocholate liposome encapsulated semaglutide increases oral bioavailability by promoting intestinal absorption.

The aim of this study was to prepare sodium glycocholate liposomes (SGC-Lip) encapsulating semaglutide (Sml) to improve oral bioavailability and better exert hypoglycemic effect. In this paper, SGC-Lip was prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method with particle size around 140 nm, potential around -27 mV, rounded morphology and better stability. The hypoglycemic and intestinal uptake effects of SGC-Lip and cholesterol-containing liposomes (CH-Lip) were comparatively investigated in rats, and the oral safety of SGC-Lip was examined by cytotoxicity assay.

Redox-sensitive disulfide-bridged self-assembled nanoparticles of dexamethasone with high drug loading for acute lung injury therapy.

Acute lung injury (ALI) arises from an excessive inflammatory response, usually progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) if not promptly addressed. There is currently a limited array of effective treatments available for ALI. In this study, we developed disulfide bond-bridged prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles (referred to as DSSS NPs).

Milk Exosome-Liposome Hybrid Vesicles with Self-Adapting Surface Properties Overcome the Sequential Absorption Barriers for Oral Delivery of Peptides.

Milk exosomes (mExos) have demonstrated significant promise as vehicles for the oral administration of protein and peptide drugs owing to their superior capacity to traverse epithelial barriers. Nevertheless, certain challenges persist due to their intrinsic characteristics, including suboptimal drug loading efficiency, inadequate mucus penetration capability, and susceptibility to membrane protein loss. Herein, a hybrid vesicle with self-adaptive surface properties (mExos@DSPE-Hyd-PMPC) was designed by fusing functionalized liposomes with natural mExos, aiming to overcome the limitations associated with mExos and unlock their full potential in oral peptide delivery.

Achiral Counteranion-Induced Reversal of Enantioselectivity in Ni(II)-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Alkylation/Annulation of 2-Naphthols.

An achiral counteranion-induced reversal of enantioselectivity in Ni(II)-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation/annulation of 2-naphthols with β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters was achieved. Using imidazolidine pyrroloimidazolone pyridine as the ligand and Ni(acac) as the Lewis acid, diverse naphthopyran derivatives were obtained in good yields (up to 94% yield) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). In the presence of Ni(OTf) as the Lewis acid, a series of chiral naphthopyran derivatives were obtained in good yields and with a controlled switch in stereoselectivity.

Glucocorticoids-based prodrug design: Current strategies and research progress.

Attributing to their broad pharmacological effects encompassing anti-inflammation, antitoxin, and immunosuppression, glucocorticoids (GCs) are extensively utilized in the clinic for the treatment of diverse diseases such as lupus erythematosus, nephritis, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, keratitis, macular edema, and leukemia. However, long-term use often causes undesirable side effects, including metabolic disorders-induced Cushing's syndrome (buffalo back, full moon face, hyperglycemia, etc.), osteoporosis, aggravated infection, psychosis, glaucoma, and cataract.

Experimental and Quantum Chemical Calculations on the High-Efficiency Transesterification of Dimethyl Carbonate with Alcohol Catalyzed by Calcium Oxide.

Typical catalysts used in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) transesterification encounter challenges in terms of environmental sustainability and economic viability. Calcium oxide (CaO), being an environmentally friendly and cost-effective catalyst, exhibits favorable compatibility with the criteria above. It has been conclusively demonstrated that CaO performs high efficiency as a catalyst for the transesterification between alcohols and DMC.

Research on the loading and release kinetics of the vincristine sulfate liposomes and its anti-breast cancer activity.

Vincristine (VCR), as a cytotoxic drug, is used clinically to treat acute lymphatic leukemia and breast cancer, and commonly used clinically as vincristine sulfate (VCRS). However, its clinical use is limited by unpredictable pharmacologic characteristics, a narrow therapeutic index, and neurotoxicity. The pH gradient method was used for active drug loading of VCRS, and the process route mainly includes the preparation of blank liposomes and drug-loaded liposomes.

Effect of mPEG-PLGA on Drug Crystallinity and Release of Long-Acting Injection Microspheres: In Vitro and In Vivo Perspectives.

Purpose: Traditional progesterone (PRG) injections require long-term administration, leading to poor patient compliance. The emergence of long-acting injectable microspheres extends the release period to several days or even months. However, these microspheres often face challenges such as burst release and incomplete drug release.

Dual-Targeted Self-Adjuvant Heterocyclic Lipidoid@Polyester Hybrid Nanovaccines for Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy.

Tumor vaccines have demonstrated a modest response rate, primarily attributed to their inefficient delivery to dendritic cells (DCs), low cross-presentation, DC-intrinsic immunosuppressive signals, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, draining lymph node (DLN)-targeted and tumor-targeted nanovaccines were proposed to address these limitations, and heterocyclic lipidoid (A18) and polyester (BR647) were synthesized to achieve dual-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Meanwhile, oligo hyaluronic acid (HA) and DMG-PEG-Mannose were incorporated to prepare dual-targeted nanovaccines encapsulated with STAT3 siRNA and model antigens.

EEG decoding for effects of visual joint attention training on ASD patients with interpretable and lightweight convolutional neural network.

Visual joint attention, the ability to track gaze and recognize intent, plays a key role in the development of social and language skills in health humans, which is performed abnormally hard in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The traditional convolutional neural network, EEGnet, is an effective model for decoding technology, but few studies have utilized this model to address attentional training in ASD patients. In this study, EEGNet was used to decode the P300 signal elicited by training and the saliency map method was used to visualize the cognitive properties of ASD patients during visual attention.

Dearomative [2 + 1] Spiroannulation of Bromophenols with Electron-Deficient Alkenes.

A base-assisted dearomative [2 + 1] spiroannulation of /-bromophenols with activated olefins (methylenemalonates) to construct various cyclopropyl spirocyclohexadienone skeletons is reported. Furthermore, several other halophenols (X = Cl, I) were also tolerated in this process. Control experiments reveal a dearomative Michael addition of phenols at their halogenated positions to methylenemalonates, followed by intramolecular radical-based S1 dehalogenative cyclopropanation.

Tumor suppressor function of RBMS3 overexpression in EOC associated with immune cell infiltration.

Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is considered to be a prevalent female malignancy with both high incidence and mortality. It is reported that RNA-binding protein 3 (RBMS3) executives a tumor suppressor function in different cancers. This investigation was designed to examine the expression of RBMS3 in epithelial ovarian cancer, the effects on EOC cells, and its connection to immune cells that infiltrate tumors in the EOC microenvironment.

Enantioselective construction of stereogenic-at-sulfur(IV) centres via catalytic acyl transfer sulfinylation.

Chiral sulfur pharmacophores are crucial for drug discovery in bioscience and medicinal chemistry. While the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of sulfoxides and sulfinate esters with stereogenic-at-sulfur(IV) centres is well developed, the synthesis of chiral sulfinamides remains challenging, which has primarily been attributed to the high nucleophilicity and competing reactions of amines. In this study, we have developed an efficient methodology for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfinamides and sulfinate esters by the sulfinylation of diverse nucleophiles, including aromatic amines and alcohols, using our bifunctional chiral 4-arylpyridine N-oxides as catalysts.

Identifying ADHD-Related Abnormal Functional Connectivity with a Graph Convolutional Neural Network.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The neural mechanisms underlying ADHD remain inadequately understood, and current approaches do not well link neural networks and attention networks within brain networks. Our objective is to investigate the neural mechanisms related to attention and explore neuroimaging biological tags that can be generalized within the attention networks.

Eudragit L100-coated nintedanib nanocrystals improve oral bioavailability by reducing drug particle size and maintaining drug supersaturation.

The aim of this study was to prepare nintedanib nanocrystals (BIBF-NCs) to lower the solubility of the drug in the stomach, maintain the supersaturation of the drug in the intestine, and improve the oral absorption of nintedanib (BIBF). In this study, BIBF-NCs were prepared by acid solubilization and alkaline precipitation following nano granding method, with a particle size of 290.80 nm and a zeta potential of -49.