The impact of phyto- and endo-cannabinoids on central nervous system diseases：A review.

Background And Aim: L. is a medicinal plant with a long history. Phyto-cannabinoids are a class of compounds from L.

Preparation of ethyl levulinate from wheat stalk over Zr(SO)/SiO.

A series of Zr(SO)/SiO solid acid catalysts with different Zr(SO) loadings were prepared by water-soluble-impregnation method at room temperature. Then, the prepared catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum, X-ray diffraction, adsorption/desorption of N, and temperature-programmed desorption of NH. The results showed that the active component Zr(SO) was successfully adhered to the mesoporous SiO, and the acid amount of Zr(SO)/SiO increased with the increasing of the Zr(SO) loadings.

Y-box binding protein-1 and STAT3 independently regulate ATP-binding cassette transporters in the chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells.

Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) facilitates cancer chemoresistance through the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters associated with multidrug resistance, which is one of the primary obstacles in cancer treatment. Since aberrant Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling is also implicated in chemoresistance in numerous human malignancies, the interaction between YB-1 and JAK/STAT signaling was explored underlying the chemoresistance of NUGC3 gastric cancer cells. It was demonstrated that YB-1 translocated into the nuclei of NUGC3 cells exposed to doxorubicin hydrochloride, suggesting its important role in chemoresistance.

[Activating transcription factor 6-C/EBP homologous protein pathway mediates advanced glycated albumin-induced macrophage apoptosis].

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a sensor to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), would mediate advanced glycated albumin (AGE-alb)-induced macrophage apoptosis and to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro and treated with AGE-alb (2, 4 and 6 g/L), normal control albumin or tunicamycin (TM, 4 mg/L) for 24 h.

Bioactive spirans and other constituents from the leaves of Cannabis sativa f. sativa.

In this paper, 17 compounds (1-17) were isolated from the leaves of Hemp (Cannabis sativa f. sativa). Among the isolates, two were determined to be new spirans: cannabispirketal (1), and α-cannabispiranol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranose (2) by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS, and HRESIMS.

Preparation and characterization of a novel extracellular polysaccharide with antioxidant activity, from the mangrove-associated fungus Fusarium oxysporum.

Marine fungi are recognized as an abundant source of extracellular polysaccharides with novel structures. Mangrove fungi constitute the second largest ecological group of the marine fungi, and many of them are new or inadequately described species and may produce extracellular polysaccharides with novel functions and structures that could be explored as a source of useful polymers. The mangrove-associated fungus Fusarium oxysporum produces an extracellular polysaccharide, Fw-1, when grown in potato dextrose-agar medium.

Y-box binding protein 1 is correlated with lymph node metastasis in intestinal-type gastric cancer.

Aims: Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is known to modulate gene transcription and protein translation, as well as cellular response to drug treatment. The aim of this study is to correlate YB-1 protein expression levels with clinicopathological parameters in intestinal-type gastric cancer tissue samples (as categorized by the Lauren classification) and substantiate the findings with in vitro experimentation.

Methods And Results: Paraffin-embedded samples from 167 patients with intestinal-type gastric cancer were used for the construction of tissue microarrays (TMAs).

Silencing the YB-1 gene inhibits cell migration in gastric cancer in vitro.

The Y-Box-Binding Protein-1 (YB-1) is known to regulate the processes of transcription, translation, cellular response to drug treatment and viral infection as well as DNA repair among others. As gastric cancer is a common cancer with a high incidence in countries in Asia, we evaluated the association of YB-1 with the malignant potential of gastric cancer cells in vitro. YB-1 mRNA expression levels were first determined by real-time RT-PCR in two adherent gastric cancer cell lines (viz.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of oleanolic acid derivatives as PTP1B inhibitors.

Twenty-four sugar-substituted oleanolic acid derivatives (1a-1f, 2a-2j, and 3a-3h) were synthesized in a concise and efficient strategy and their effects on the inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and insulin-sensitizing response were evaluated in vitro. Several derivatives showed moderate to good inhibitory activities against PTP1B, and especially compounds 2f, 2h, 3d and 3e exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities with the IC50 values of 1.91, 12.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of the N-acetylglucosamine-bearing triterpenoid saponins.

Fourteen ursolic acid and oleanolic acid saponins with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, and (1-->4)-linked and (1-->6)-linked N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine oligosaccharide residues were synthesized in a convergent manner. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry, and their cytotoxic activities were assayed in three cancer cell lines. Only oleanolic acid-3-yl beta-D-GluNAc showed significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 and BGC-823.