Framingham risk score conventional risk factors are potent to predict all-cause mortality using machine learning algorithms: a population-based prospective cohort study over 40 years in China.

Predicting all-cause mortality using available or conveniently modifiable risk factors is potentially crucial in reducing deaths precisely and efficiently. Framingham risk score (FRS) is widely used in predicting cardiovascular diseases, and its conventional risk factors are closely pertinent to deaths. Machine learning is increasingly considered to improve the predicting performances by developing predictive models.

Diagnosis and genetic analysis of a case of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by gene deletion.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a disease defined by dysfunction of the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal hormone axis, leading to low sex hormone levels and impaired fertility. HH with anosmia or hyposmia is known as Kallmann syndrome (KS). Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation.

Predictive modeling the probability of suffering from metabolic syndrome using machine learning: A population-based study.

Background: There is an increasing trend of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence, which has been considered as an important contributor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancers and diabetes. However, there is often a long asymptomatic phase of MetS, resulting in not diagnosed and intervened so timely as needed. It would be very helpful to explore tools to predict the probability of suffering from MetS in daily life or routinely clinical practice.

Development and validation of a machine learning-augmented algorithm for diabetes screening in community and primary care settings: A population-based study.

Background: Opportunely screening for diabetes is crucial to reduce its related morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Machine learning (ML) has excellent capability to maximize predictive accuracy. We aim to develop ML-augmented models for diabetes screening in community and primary care settings.

Diagnosis, treatment and genetic analysis of a case of skin hyperpigmentation as the only manifestation with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disease caused by a mutation in the adenosine 5'-triphosphate binding cassette subfamily D member 1 (ABCD1) gene encoding a peroxisomal transmembrane protein, which has various clinical manifestations and a rapid progression from initial symptoms to fatal inflammatory demyelination. Therefore, identification of early clinical symptoms and further early diagnosis as well as treatment can effectively prevent disease development. In this study, we reported the laboratory and radiographic features in a rare case of X-ALD with 3-year skin hyperpigmentation as the only manifestation.

Catch-up fat in male adults induces low testosterone and consequently promotes metabolic abnormalities and cognitive impairment.

Background: Catch-up fat in adults (CUFA) caused by rapid nutrition promotion after undernutrition plays an important role in the epidemic of insulin resistance (IR)-related diseases in developing societies. Insulin resistance is considered to be closely associated with reduced testosterone levels and cognitive function. However, the effects of CUFA on testosterone levels and cognitive function are unclear in males.

TLR4/AP-1-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Intervention Attenuates Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Steatosis.

Insulin resistance has been shown to be the common pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Metainflammation is one of the important characteristics of insulin resistance. Macrophage polarization mediates the production and development of metainflammation.

Not performing an OGTT results in underdiagnosis, inadequate risk assessment and probable cost increases of (pre)diabetes in Han Chinese over 40 years: a population-based prospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore the influence by not performing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Han Chinese over 40 years.

Design: Overall, 6682 participants were included in the prospective cohort study and were followed up for 3 years.

Methods: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load plasma glucose (2h-PG), FPG and 2h-PG (OGTT), and HbA1c testing using World Health Organization (WHO) or American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria were employed for strategy analysis.

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is an independent risk factor for diabetes mellitus: Results from a population-based cohort study.

Background: Dyslipidemia predicts the development and progression of diabetes. A higher non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C):  HDL-C ratio is reportedly associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, but its relationship with glycemic levels and diabetes remains unclear.

Methods: In all, 4882 subjects aged ≥40 years without diabetes and not using lipid-lowering drugs were enrolled in the study.

Thyroid Hormones, Autoantibodies, Ultrasonography, and Clinical Parameters for Predicting Thyroid Cancer.

Our objective was to evaluate thyroid nodule malignancy prediction using thyroid function tests, autoantibodies, ultrasonographic imaging, and clinical data. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 1400 patients with nodular thyroid disease (NTD). The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration was significantly higher in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) versus benign thyroid nodular disease (BTND) (p = 0.

Alteration of FXR phosphorylation and sumoylation in liver in the development of adult catch-up growth.

Catch-up growth in adult, is increasingly recognized as an important causative factor for the extremely prevalent insulin resistance-related diseases especially in developing countries/territories. We aimed to investigate the alteration of bile acids level, phosphorylation and sumoylation of its interacting protein, bile acid receptor/farnesoid X receptor and their downstream signaling pathway, as well as insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in catch-up growth in adult rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups for two sampling points: caloric restriction group, catch-up growth in adult refed with normal chow and their normal chow controls for four or eight weeks (N4, N8 individually).

Beneficial effect of farnesoid X receptor activation on metabolism in a diabetic rat model.

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an important regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the exact role of FXR in diabetes remains to be fully elucidated. The present study examined the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an agonist of FXR, on metabolism profile in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Depletion of Kupffer cells attenuates systemic insulin resistance, inflammation and improves liver autophagy in high-fat diet fed mice.

The objective of this study was to reveal the exact role of Kupffer cells in the diet-induced insulin resistance, inflammation and liver autophagy. C57BL/6j male mice were fed with either chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Meanwhile, HFD feeding mice received an intraperitoneal injection of either 0.

Resveratrol supplementation restores high-fat diet-induced insulin secretion dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial function in islet.

Resveratrol (RSV), a natural compound, is known for its effects on energy homeostasis. Here we investigated the effects of RSV and possible mechanism in insulin secretion of high-fat diet rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: NC group (animals were fed ad libitum with normal chow for 8 weeks), HF group (animals were fed ad libitum with high-fat diet for 8 weeks), and HFR group (animals were treated with high-fat diet and administered with RSV for 8 weeks).

Coronary heart disease risk equivalence in diabetes and arterial diseases characterized by endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cell.

Aims: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), Carotid Artery Disease (CAD), and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) were considered as "Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) risk equivalents". Vascular endothelial dysfunction was recognized as an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Involved in neovasculogenesis and maintenance of vascular homeostasis, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) has been considered as a biological marker of cardiovascular disease.

Increases in systemic and local stress: a probable mechanism of visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in adult catch-up growth rats?

Catch-up growth in adult (CUGA) is increasingly proposed as an important causative factor for the widespread insulin resistance (IR)-related diseases especially in developing countries/territories. We aimed to investigate the effects of CUGA to insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and stress in rats, as well as the probable relationship among them. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups for two sampling points: caloric restriction group (R4) and normal chow controls for four weeks (NC4); CUGA re-fed with normal chow (RN4), CUGA re-fed with high-fat diet (RH4), normal chow controls (NC8) and high-fat diet controls (HF8) for eight weeks.

Insulin improves β-cell function in glucose-intolerant rat models induced by feeding a high-fat diet.

Insulin therapy has been shown to contribute to extended glycemia remission in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the effects of insulin treatment on pancreatic lipid content, and β-cell apoptosis and proliferation in glucose-intolerant rats to explore the protective role of insulin on β-cell function. A rat glucose-intolerant model was induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet.

Effects of gliclazide on endothelial function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be a critical event in the pathogenesis of vasculopathy in type 2 diabetes and oxidant stress is a major etiological factor. Gliclazide, a second generation sulfonylurea, contains an azabicyclo-octyl ring, which has been described to have antioxidant properties. However, the effect of gliclazide on endothelial function is unknown.

Effects of metformin plus gliclazide compared with metformin alone on circulating endothelial progenitor cell in type 2 diabetic patients.

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gliclazide plus metformin (GLIMET) compared with metformin alone (MET) on number and function of circulating EPCs in T2DM patients. Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were randomly divided into two groups, receiving the following treatments for 16 weeks: MET group (assuming metformin 500-2500 mg/day, n=24) and GLIMET group [assuming gliclazide (modified release, 30-60 mg/day)+metformin (250-1000 mg/day), n=23].

Increases in energy intake, insulin resistance and stress in rats before Wenchuan earthquake far from the epicenter.

The study of pre-earthquake (PE) behavior in animals has always been shrouded by controversy. There is very little scientific evidence showing that animals can sense the coming of an earthquake and that their organisms undergo physiological changes during the PE period. On the day of the Wenchuan earthquake, prior to the time of its actual occurrence, we were coincidentally able to measure the insulin sensitivity and stress level in rats that were originally part of another study.

Lipid overaccumulation and drastic insulin resistance in adult catch-up growth rats induced by nutrition promotion after undernutrition.

This study was designed to explore the metabolic changes resulting from catch-up growth in adult (CUGA) induced by varying degrees of nutrition promotion after undernutrition and to confirm whether these changes are transient or not. The CUGA models were developed on rats refed on intakes of normal chow or high-fat diet after a period of caloric restriction. The growth of the rats measured by body weight and length stagnated during caloric restriction and then rapidly accelerated following refeeding.

Number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells as a marker of vascular endothelial function for type 2 diabetes.

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis seen in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) is involved in the neovasculogenesis and maintenance of vascular homeostasis, whose impairment may have an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vasculopathy. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between vascular endothelial function and circulating EPC number in T2DM.

[Number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cell in diabetics with different vascular complications].

Objective: To investigate the number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) in different vascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its associations with vascular endothelial function.

Methods: A total of 415 T2DM patients were recruited from the outpatients and inpatients of the Endocrinology Department at Union Hospital. Assessments of cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease were based on each patient's medical records.