High circulating concentrations of estradiol are anabolic for bone mass and strength in an adult male to female transgender mouse model.

The effects of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on bone microarchitecture and fracture risk in adult transgender women is unclear. To investigate the concept that skeletal integrity and strength in trans women may be improved by treatment with a higher dose of GAHT than commonly prescribed, we treated adult male mice with a sustained, high dose of estradiol. Adult male mice at 16 weeks of age were administered ~1.

Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy.

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol treatment. Puberty was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of age.

Characteristics of Acupoint Selection and Therapeutic Effect Analysis of Acupuncture Treatment for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objectives: The therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment on chronic kidney disease (CKD) was assessed, and the characteristics of acupoint selection in different CKD types were summarised.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with CKD were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study, of whom 50 received acupuncture treatment for 12 weeks (acupuncture group) and 50 received routine treatment for 12 weeks (control group). Routine treatment included appropriate rest, low-salt and low-protein diet and correction of the disturbance in water, electrolyte and acid-base balance.

The Utility of Preclinical Models in Understanding the Bone Health of Transgender Individuals Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Purpose Of Review: To summarise the evidence regarding the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on bone health in transgender people, to identify key knowledge gaps and how these gaps can be addressed using preclinical rodent models.

Recent Findings: Sex hormones play a critical role in bone physiology, yet there is a paucity of research regarding the effects of GAHT on bone microstructure and fracture risk in transgender individuals. The controlled clinical studies required to yield fracture data are unethical to conduct making clinically translatable preclinical research of the utmost importance.

Hyperprogressive disease in non-small cell lung cancer after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors immunotherapy: underlying killer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target the negative regulatory pathway of T cells and effectively reactive the anti-tumor immune function of T cells by blocking the key pathway of the immune escape mechanism of the tumor-PD-1/PD-L1, and fundamentally changing the prospect of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients. However, such promising immunotherapy is overshadowed by Hyperprogressive Disease, a response pattern associated with unwanted accelerated tumor growth and characterized by poor prognosis in a fraction of treated patients. This review comprehensively provides an overview of Hyperprogressive Disease in immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer including its definition, biomarkers, mechanisms, and treatment.

Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Dicarbofunctionalizations of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Difluorocarbonyl Oxindoles and Isoquinoline-1,3-diones.

A novel and efficient strategy for the construction of difluorocarbonyl-oxindole and difluorocarbonyl-isoquinoline-1,3-dione derivatives involving nickel-catalyzed intramolecular Heck-type cyclizations followed by intermolecular cross-couplings has been developed. This approach features high functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity under mild conditions, thus providing a new method for the rapid difluorocarbonyl-functionalization of alkenes to construct the structurally diversified five- and six-membered heterocycles.

Identification of the prognostic and immunological roles of aquaporin 4: A potential target for survival and immunotherapy in glioma patients.

Recent studies have revealed the critical role of in the occurrence and development of gliomas. However, the role of in immune regulation has not yet been reported. Many recent reports have identified the lymphatic system's occurrence within the central nervous system (CNS) and the vital role of immune regulation in treating brain tumors.

LncRNA SCIRT is Downregulated in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Sponges miR-21 in Cytoplasm to Increase Chemosensitivity to Doxorubicin.

Background: This study aimed to explore the role of SCIRT in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its interaction with miR-21.

Methods: This study included 66 AML patients who were diagnosed with AML and received doxorubicin (Dox) treatment. Bone marrow was isolated from all patients before and after treatment to prepare BM mononuclear cells (BMMNCs).

Wernicke's encephalopathy in a rectal cancer patient with atypical radiological features: A case report.

Background: Wernicke's encephalopathy is a disease caused by thiamine deficiency. The lesions usually involve the periphery of the aqueduct, midbrain, tectum, third ventricle, papillary body, and thalamus. It is very rare to affect the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres.

Long non-coding RNA SNHG1 relieves microglia activation by downregulating miR-329-3p expression in an model of cerebral infarction.

Following cerebral infarction, activated microglia cells can release a large amount of inflammatory cytokines, thereby exacerbating neuronal damage. It has been demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) exerts a protective effect against cerebral infarction. However, its specific role in cerebral infarction and underlying mechanism have yet to be fully elucidated.

Changes in white adipose tissue gene expression in a randomized control trial of dieting obese men with lowered serum testosterone alone or in combination with testosterone treatment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine early weight loss-associated changes in subcutaneous abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) gene expression in obese men with lowered serum testosterone by RNA next-generation sequencing.

Methods: Fourteen men, mean age (IQR) 51.6 years (43.

Gene expression profiling of brain endothelial cells after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. New effective treatments are needed to improve outcomes. The pathophysiology of SAH is complex and includes early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia, both of which are characterized by blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment.

LINC01128 resisted acute myeloid leukemia through regulating miR-4260/NR3C2.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a prevalent class of blood disease with a high occurrence rate and relapse rate. The role of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in AML is emerging. MiR-4260 was identified to be a carcinogenic miRNA in colorectal cancer, but never has it been reported in AML.

MicroRNA-582-3p negatively regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting cyclin B2.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as post-transcriptional gene expression regulators. Some miRNAs, including the recently discovered miR-582-3p, have been implicated in leukemogenesis. This study aimed to reveal the biological function of miR-582-3p in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is one of the most frequently diagnosed hematological malignancies.

Silencing of PPMD1 inhibits proliferation of human colon cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Purpose: Accumulating reports have shown the oncogenic properties of PPMD1 (protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D) in different cancer types. This study was undertaken to explore the role and therapeutic potential of PPM1D in colon cancer.

Methods: HT-29 colon cancer cell line was used in this study.

Human urinary kallidinogenase or edaravone combined with butylphthalide in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Aim: The effectiveness of neuroprotective agents is still unclear. Here we analyzed the clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) or edaravone (Eda) combined with butylphthalide (NBP).

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, a total of 165 AIS patients were enrolled in this open-label, randomized controlled clinical study.

Hyperhomocysteinemia and risk of cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Objective: To evaluate the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and risk of cognitive decline.

Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed and EMBASE were searched for prospective cohort studies that involved the relationship between HHcy and risk of cognitive decline. Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by Review Manager 5.

PPM1D is a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.

Protein phosphatase, Mg/Mn dependent, 1D (PPM1D) has been associated with carcinogenesis. The present study investigated PPM1D expression as a potential biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). PPM1D expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in 368 patients with CRC.

Lithium potentiates GSK-3β activity by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated Akt phosphorylation.

Accumulating evidence has pointed to the direct inhibitory action of lithium, an anti-depressant, on GSK-3β. The present study investigated further insight into lithium signaling pathways. In the cell-free assay Li2CO3 significantly inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt1 at Ser473, but Li2CO3 did not affect PI3K-mediated PI(3,4,5)P3 production and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt1 at Thr308.